Listening 2026-02 Test 1

==================== IELTS Listening Transcript ==================== PART 1 Speaker 0: IELTS listening version 54165. You will hear a number of different recordings, and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check your work. All the recordings will be played once only. The test is in four sections. Write all your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test, you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to section one on page two of your question booklet. Section one. You will hear a woman talking on the phone to a car salesman about some secondhand cars he has for sale. First, you have some time to look at questions one to five on page two. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first. Speaker 1: Hello. Speaker 1: I heard your advert on the radio about the sale you're having, and I wanted to find out about your cars. Speaker 2: Well, you've called the right place. So how much do you want to spend? Speaker 1: I'd like to spend about $4,000, but definitely no more than 4,300. Speaker 0: The maximum the woman would like to spend is $4,300, so 4,300 has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions one to five. Speaker 1: Hello. Speaker 1: I heard your advert on the radio about the sale you're having, and I wanted to find out about your cars. Speaker 2: Well, you've called the right place. Speaker 2: So how much do you want to spend? Speaker 1: I'd like to spend about $4,000, but definitely no more than 4,300. Speaker 2: Okay. For that price, we've got some nice cars. I've got a lovely Noda. Do you know that model? Speaker 1: Yes. Speaker 1: What color is it? I know it sounds unimportant, but there are certain colors I don't want. Speaker 2: Well, this one is silver. Speaker 1: That's good because I don't want a dark color like black as they get too hot in summer. Speaker 2: So is it in good condition? Speaker 2: It's just had a state of the art stereo put in. And although one light is damaged, we'd repair that for you if you decided to buy it. Speaker 1: Oh, that's good of you. Speaker 2: I've also got a Camina. It's a white one. It's slightly more expensive than the Noda, but it's a good car. Speaker 2: I know it quite well because it was owned by our manager here, so I used to get to drive it quite a bit. Speaker 1: The Camina is okay, but it's a little on the big side. Speaker 2: Well, how about a Telstra? Speaker 2: They're smaller, but not too small. We've got an orange one of those. Actually, what kind of model were you after? This one's an automatic. Speaker 1: Great. Speaker 1: They are so much easier to drive than the manual model, although I'm fine with either. Speaker 2: And another good feature is that the previous owner only replaced its tyres last month. Speaker 1: That will save some money, and anything to do with the wheels is so important for safety. Speaker 1: It might be worth a look. Speaker 2: Okay. Speaker 2: Now let's look at what else we've got in your price range. Speaker 2: How about an Abrada? It's a red one. It's the newest of the cars for sale in your bracket. Speaker 1: How old is it? I doubt I could afford anything less than ten years old. Speaker 2: Well, you might be surprised. There was only one previous owner, and they had it eight years. All the others are at least nine years old. Speaker 1: Now that's a possibility. Speaker 0: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions six to 10 on page two. Now listen and answer questions six to 10. Speaker 2: Okay. Well, I'm interested in a couple of those. Could I come and take a look at them? Speaker 2: Sure. We're open seven days a week. Do you know where we are? Speaker 1: I think so. You're on Station Road in Mitchell. Right? I usually go past your place when I'm on the bus. Speaker 2: That's right. You can't miss us. What day would suit you? Don't leave it too long as these cars are likely to go quickly at these prices. Speaker 1: Well, I couldn't get there before Wednesday, and even that might be pushing it. Speaker 2: How does Thursday sound? Speaker 1: Sounds good. I usually don't work then or Fridays, but I am this week. Speaker 2: That's good. I'd prefer to deal with you. Speaker 2: Okay. So would 09:30 in the morning be okay? Speaker 1: No worries. Speaker 2: When you arrive, ask for Gerald Smith. That's G E R A L D. Speaker 2: Okay. Now will you be coming by car or public transport? Speaker 1: I'll probably come with my dad in his car. He knows all about this sort of thing. Speaker 2: Well, you should be able to park at the supermarket. Parking can be a bit hard with all the businesses around here and all our cars out the front. Speaker 1: Great. Speaker 1: Now is there anything I need to bring with me? Speaker 2: Let me think. If you want to take the car for a test drive, you'll need to have identification with you. I mean, otherwise, you could just drive off and it never come back. Speaker 1: Okay. That's easy. Speaker 1: Perfect. See you later this week. Speaker 0: That is the end of section one. You now have half a minute to check your answers. Now turn to section two on page three. PART 2 Speaker 3: Section two. You will hear a man introducing a charity to a group of listeners. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16. Speaker 3: Hello, everyone. Thanks for attending tonight's event. Let me start with the early history of our charity, Eye Saver. Eye Saver was founded by retired optometrist Timothy Gaines. I have spent much of my working life at EyeSaver. I am 60 years old now, and I started working for this organization fifteen years ago when I left a corporate position to help people with eye problems. Now our charity has been helping people for three decades. You may know that we are now doing various other things to help people with eye problems. That includes medications for children with eye diseases and operational help to those in the public who have eye problems. But when Mr. Gaines just founded Eye Saver, he wanted the program to be able to offer common eye equipment to those who needed it. We receive occasional donations from corporations and charity groups. Now we have over 1,500 volunteers who work on the streets with the little red donation boxes, which many of you are familiar with, and this is the main source of funding for us. Besides, we are planning to work to secure donations from wealthy benefactors. Many people are passionate about charity cause and have been inquiring how to donate money to us. I really appreciate that. But our main need is to collect glasses for our patients. Many of you have multiple pairs of old glasses in your possession, and we encourage you to gather these pairs which you no longer need and donate them to our cause. In doing this, you'll be able to make sure that someone else can see better. Most of us cannot imagine a life in which we are unable to see well. This is why your eyeglass donations are so critical to our mission. And as a side note, we offer full time positions. Let me know if you are interested. Our goal is to make people aware that even the smallest of donations can help change a person's life. So your donation can be a turning point for them. The other day, when I was talking to some people on the street, they were surprised to find out how easily some eye problems can be cured. And I am proud to say that our next program will aim at educating people about common eye diseases. We are able to prevent many fatal eye problems. In order to publicize our charity program, we surely need to do some advertising. When we first started our program, we used computers to create awareness for our cause. For instance, promoting seminars in which we informed people as to how they could help us to solve eye problems. But in recent years, the main means of advertising our program is through audio recordings. We have found it cost efficient and effective. It's good to know that many of our staff are recommending our program to their friends and colleagues, but I am afraid that our training cannot show people the whole picture of our program. Speaker 3: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20. Speaker 3: Finally, I would like to tell you about some organizations which have played important roles in the development and success of Eye Saver. Our affiliation with the National Vision Funding Group has allowed us to gain fame and to become even more significant. So many people around the country are coming for our services. Our association with the Eye for the Future organization has allowed us to run cooperative ads by which we seek producers of equipment to work with us. Meanwhile, some of our staff has been sent to this organization for some special training. Their skills should be improved very soon. Also, we have had a long time cooperation with Sam's Eye Care institution. Our relationship with it has given us the opportunity to link with many different academic institutions, including colleges and universities with good reputation. And we have a similar friendship with a group called Youth Health. Our connection with that group allows us to link directly with young kids since this is a crucial stage in their growth. We plan to contact with some colleges and hope that with their help, more college students could get to know our program. So as you can see, we have all bases covered in linking with students as we have affiliations directly with both administrators and the students themselves. Thank you so much for your attention today. As we try to stamp out eye problems, we will appreciate your donations no matter how large or how small. We believe with our efforts, the world will be a brighter and more beautiful place. Speaker 3: That's the end of section two. You now have half a minute to check your answers. Now turn to section three. PART 3 Speaker 4: Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26. Speaker 5: Right. Now you wanted to organize a formal discussion of some sort in the class. Is that right, Daniel? Speaker 6: Yes. We thought it would be really good to end our psychology course with a formal debate, you know, where there's a statement and people argue for or against it. Speaker 5: Good idea. Speaker 5: Where did the enthusiasm come from? Have either of you organized debates before, Fiona? Speaker 7: No. But one of my friends did in his last year at secondary school, and he says he got a lot out of doing it. And I know they have debates in lots of other departments here at the university. Speaker 5: I see. Speaker 5: So what do you think the students, you and the others, would get out of this? Speaker 7: Well, a debate will encourage people to study all sides of the subject matter. And I also think listening to other people's ideas can have a focusing effect on your own. Sometimes you kind of don't know what you truly believe until you hear something you disagree with. Speaker 5: Okay. What about the topic for the debate? Speaker 6: We've got three to choose from. We'll show you in a minute to check they're okay. At first, we thought we'd ask the other students to suggest something, but we were afraid we'd get 30 different topics. So instead, we brainstormed some, just the two of us, then made a shortlist, and we'll get them to vote for the one they like best. Speaker 5: Right. Speaker 6: But the thing is, if people don't know how debates work, they could feel at a disadvantage. I mean, it wouldn't affect their grades or anything, but it could put them off. So we thought we should have a meeting beforehand to make sure everyone's clear about what's involved in a debate and how to prepare for it. Speaker 5: I think that's a good idea. Speaker 7: And we thought we could establish some key points of a successful debate there, like that debates are effective methods for considering an issue, and that you need to understand both sides of an argument in order to support one side effectively. We think it'll be best if we can use an issue that the students already have strong opinions about. Then some people will be happy to speak in support of it and others to oppose it. Speaker 5: Right. Speaker 6: What else do you want to do at the meeting? Speaker 6: Well, we've got to think about how people will do the background research for the debate. We could organize everyone into two teams. That should save time for the main speakers. They won't have to do it on their own. And we'll need to decide on some rules, like how long each person speaks for, and to select a chair for the debate, someone who's really confident. Speaker 5: Fine. Speaker 5: Now I think you should have some sort of follow-up to the debate. After it's over, I'd like you to get everyone to write a short essay focusing on what they gain from participating in it. And in turn, that can feed into the work we've been doing on learning and motivation. Speaker 7: But would you be willing to read them and report back? I mean, give some feedback on them. Speaker 5: I wouldn't have made the suggestion if I wasn't. Speaker 7: Thanks. Speaker 4: Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30. Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30. Speaker 5: Okay. Now let's think a bit more about the meeting. You need to decide exactly how you'll introduce the students to different features of a debate. Speaker 6: Well, first of all, we need to inform everyone about what actually happens at a debate, the procedures, and so on. Speaker 7: We could talk about that and write the main information on the board. Or instead of that, we could make a summary of the main stages and hand that out. Speaker 6: Then talk it through. Speaker 6: Yes. Okay. That's better. Speaker 7: But we do need to talk about body language as well. Speaker 6: Yes. That's a very important tool. Speaker 5: I've got an interesting article on that with some good diagrams of techniques for things like eye contact. Speaker 6: I'll make some copies for you to give out. Speaker 5: Great. Speaker 6: Then we need to think about where people will find the information on the debate topic. So they'll need to know where to look for the information. We could compile a list of sources, textbooks and articles and so on. Speaker 7: We could. But couldn't people offer their own suggestions and advice on that at the meeting instead? Speaker 6: Yes. Get everyone involved. Speaker 5: Right. Speaker 7: What about preparation for asking and answering questions? We could try to demonstrate that, but I'm not sure how. Speaker 6: Maybe we could put up a list of points on the board, then discuss them. Speaker 7: Yes. That sounds better. Speaker 6: Thanks. Speaker 5: Okay. Well, let's meet up again. Speaker 4: That is the end of part three. You now have thirty seconds to check your answers to part three. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40. PART 4 Speaker 8: Today, I'd like to talk about nostalgia, a fascinating emotional experience that connects our present with our past. It's something almost everyone experiences from time to time, that sudden rush of emotion when we're reminded of moments, people, or places from earlier in our lives. Nostalgia can arise when something small makes us recall people or experiences we once cherished. Even a photograph can awaken those memories, allowing us to relive a fragment of our earlier lives. Sometimes, a single image is enough to stir emotions we didn't even realise were still there. It might remind us of family gatherings, school days, or travels long gone. Researchers have found that smell can instantly activate memories we thought we'd forgotten. For many people, a familiar perfume can bring back events and feelings from years ago. That's because the part of our brain that processes smell is closely linked to the region responsible for emotion and memory, which is why certain scents feel so powerful. Now moving on, let's think about what tends to trigger nostalgia most often. The things we keep from the past can act as powerful emotional cues. For instance, leafing through a diary can bring back vivid recollections of people, places, and situations once experienced. These records of daily life allow us to see how we've changed, what we've valued, and how our priorities have shifted over time. Certain types of music can act as strong emotional triggers for people who have lived through intense periods of their lives. When former soldiers hear marching music, it often recalls their training days and the powerful sense of unity they once felt. The rhythm, repetition, and sound patterns of such music seem to carry emotional memories more effectively than words ever could. Sounds from public spaces often act as emotional reminders of shared traditions. The distant bells from a ceremony hall like a church can awaken memories of celebrations or community gatherings. For many, such sounds represent a connection to their culture or to moments that marked key transitions in life. Next, let's consider how nostalgia affects us emotionally. Nostalgia can work as a natural coping mechanism when people feel emotionally low. By revisiting happy experiences, individuals can temporarily relieve the weight of depression. It serves almost like a psychological reset, reminding us that joy and meaning have existed and still can. Certain flavours are strongly tied to early experiences and family traditions. The smell or taste of a cake made at home can awaken joyful memories from one's younger years. This connection between taste and memory is often what makes traditional foods so comforting. They take us back to childhood kitchens and the people who cared for us. Sound is one of the most direct pathways to emotional recall. Just a single song from the past can awaken vivid memories and recreate the mood of an earlier moment. Sometimes it's the lyrics, sometimes it's the melody, and sometimes it's simply the familiarity that makes it feel like travelling back in time. Finally, let's look at how nostalgia is used in modern life. Advertisers understand that people are more likely to donate when they feel emotionally moved. For this reason, many charity appeals are designed around nostalgic themes that create a sense of warmth and empathy. By showing images or playing music from the past, these campaigns encourage people to act out of compassion and shared values. Nostalgia is sometimes used as a gentle form of therapy in hospitals and care homes. A trained nurse might prompt patients to recall pleasant experiences as a way to reduce anxiety and loneliness. This kind of memory based therapy helps patients regain confidence, maintain cognitive activity, and strengthen their emotional well-being. ==================== Chinese Translation ==================== 第一部分 Speaker 0：雅思听力版本54165。你将听到几段不同的录音，并需要根据听到的内容回答问题。每段录音前会有时间让你阅读说明和问题，你也有机会检查你的答案。所有录音只播放一遍。考试分为四个部分。请将所有答案写在听力问题册中。考试结束后，你将有十分钟时间将答案誊写到答题纸上。现在请翻到问题册第二页的第一部分。第一部分。你将听到一位女士与一位汽车销售员通电话，谈论他出售的一些二手车。首先，你有时间查看第二页的第一至第五题。你会看到一个已经为你完成的示例。仅此一次，与此相关的对话将先播放一遍。 Speaker 1：你好。我在广播里听到了你们促销的广告，想了解一下你们的车。 Speaker 2：嗯，你找对地方了。那么你打算花多少钱？ Speaker 1：我想花大约4000美元，但绝对不能超过4300美元。 Speaker 0：这位女士愿意支付的最高金额是4300美元，所以空格里填了4300。现在开始。请边听边回答问题，因为录音不会重复播放。请仔细听，并回答第一至第五题。 Speaker 1：你好。我在广播里听到了你们促销的广告，想了解一下你们的车。 Speaker 2：嗯，你找对地方了。那么你打算花多少钱？ Speaker 1：我想花大约4000美元，但绝对不能超过4300美元。 Speaker 2：好的。这个价位我们有一些不错的车。我有一辆漂亮的Noda。你知道这个型号吗？ Speaker 1：知道。是什么颜色的？我知道这听起来不重要，但有些颜色我不想要。 Speaker 2：嗯，这辆是银色的。 Speaker 1：那很好，因为我不想要深色，比如黑色，夏天太热了。 Speaker 2：车况好吗？它刚装了一套顶级音响。虽然有一个灯坏了，但如果你决定买，我们会帮你修好。 Speaker 1：哦，你真好。 Speaker 2：我还有一辆Camina。是白色的。比Noda稍微贵一点，但车不错。我很了解它，因为它以前是我们经理的车，所以我经常开。 Speaker 1：Camina还行，但有点太大了。 Speaker 2：那Telstra怎么样？它们更小，但也不会太小。我们有一辆橙色的。实际上，你想要哪种型号？这辆是自动挡的。 Speaker 1：太好了。自动挡比手动挡好开多了，不过两种我都能开。 Speaker 2：另一个优点是，前任车主上个月刚换了轮胎。 Speaker 1：那能省些钱，而且任何与车轮有关的东西对安全都很重要。值得一看。 Speaker 2：好的。现在我们看看在你的预算范围内还有什么别的车。Abrada怎么样？是红色的。这是你预算范围内最新的一辆车。 Speaker 1：车龄多大了？我怀疑我买不起任何车龄低于十年的车。 Speaker 2：嗯，你可能会惊讶。只有一位前任车主，他们开了八年。其他车至少都有九年车龄了。 Speaker 1：那倒是个可能的选择。 Speaker 0：在你听到对话的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第二页的第六至第十题。现在请听并回答第六至第十题。 Speaker 2：好的。我对其中几辆车感兴趣。我能来看看吗？ Speaker 2：当然可以。我们每周七天都营业。你知道我们在哪里吗？ Speaker 1：我想我知道。你们在Mitchell的Station Road，对吗？我坐公交车时经常路过你们那里。 Speaker 2：没错。你不会错过的。你哪天方便？别拖太久，这些车这个价位很可能很快就会被买走。 Speaker 1：嗯，我星期三之前到不了，甚至星期三也可能很紧张。 Speaker 2：星期四怎么样？ Speaker 1：听起来不错。我通常星期四和星期五不上班，但这周我得上班。 Speaker 2：那很好。我更愿意和你打交道。好的。那么早上九点半可以吗？ Speaker 1：没问题。 Speaker 2：你到了之后，找Gerald Smith。拼写是G-E-R-A-L-D。 Speaker 2：好的。你会开车来还是坐公共交通？ Speaker 1：我可能和我爸爸开车来。他对这类事情很在行。 Speaker 2：嗯，你可以把车停在超市。这附近商家很多，我们门口又停满了车，停车可能有点困难。 Speaker 1：太好了。我需要带什么东西吗？ Speaker 2：让我想想。如果你想试驾，需要带上身份证明。不然的话，你可能会直接把车开走不回来了。 Speaker 1：好的。那很简单。完美。这周晚些时候见。 Speaker 0：第一部分到此结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查答案。现在请翻到第三页的第二部分。 第二部分 Speaker 3：第二部分。你将听到一位男士向一群听众介绍一个慈善机构。首先，你有时间查看第11至第16题。现在请仔细听，并回答第11至第16题。 Speaker 3：大家好。感谢大家今晚的到来。我先从我们慈善机构“Eye Saver”的早期历史开始讲起。Eye Saver是由退休验光师Timothy Gaines创立的。我职业生涯的大部分时间都在EyeSaver工作。我现在60岁了，十五年前我离开企业职位，开始为这个组织工作，帮助有眼疾的人。现在，我们的慈善机构已经帮助人们三十年了。你们可能知道，我们现在正在做各种其他事情来帮助有眼疾的人。这包括为患有眼病的儿童提供药物，以及为有眼疾的公众提供手术帮助。但是，当Gaines先生刚创立Eye Saver时，他希望这个项目能够为有需要的人提供常见的眼科设备。我们会收到公司和慈善团体偶尔的捐赠。现在我们有超过1500名志愿者，他们拿着你们很多人都熟悉的小红捐款箱在街头工作，这是我们主要的资金来源。此外，我们正计划努力争取富有的捐助者的捐款。许多人对慈善事业充满热情，一直在询问如何向我们捐款。我对此非常感激。但我们主要的需求是为我们的病人收集眼镜。你们很多人都有多副旧眼镜，我们鼓励你们收集这些不再需要的眼镜，捐给我们的事业。这样做，你就能确保别人能看得更清楚。我们大多数人都无法想象一个看不清东西的生活。这就是为什么你们的眼镜捐赠对我们的使命如此关键。顺便提一下，我们提供全职职位。如果你们感兴趣，请告诉我。我们的目标是让人们意识到，即使是最小的捐赠也能帮助改变一个人的生活。所以你们的捐赠可以成为他们人生的转折点。前几天，当我在街上和一些人们交谈时，他们惊讶地发现一些眼疾是多么容易治愈。我很自豪地说，我们的下一个项目将致力于教育人们了解常见的眼疾。我们能够预防许多致命的眼疾。为了宣传我们的慈善项目，我们当然需要做一些广告。当我们刚开始这个项目时，我们用电脑来提高人们对我们事业的认识。例如，推广研讨会，在会上我们告诉人们如何帮助我们解决眼疾问题。但近年来，我们项目的主要广告方式是通过音频录音。我们发现这既经济又有效。很高兴知道我们的许多员工正在向他们的朋友和同事推荐我们的项目，但我担心我们的培训无法向人们展示我们项目的全貌。 Speaker 3：在你听到演讲的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第17至第20题。现在请听并回答第17至第20题。 Speaker 3：最后，我想告诉你们一些在Eye Saver的发展和成功中发挥了重要作用的组织。我们与国家视力资助集团的联盟使我们获得了声誉，并变得更加重要。全国各地有很多人前来寻求我们的服务。我们与“Eye for the Future”组织的合作使我们能够开展合作广告，通过广告我们寻求设备生产商与我们合作。同时，我们的一些员工已被派往该组织接受一些特殊培训。他们的技能应该很快就会提高。此外，我们与Sam's Eye Care机构有着长期的合作。与它的关系使我们有机会与许多不同的学术机构建立联系，包括声誉良好的学院和大学。我们与一个叫做“Youth Health”的团体也有着类似的友谊。与该团体的联系使我们能够直接与青少年建立联系，因为这是他们成长的关键阶段。我们计划与一些大学联系，希望在他们的帮助下，更多的大学生能够了解我们的项目。所以正如你们所见，我们在与学生建立联系方面覆盖了所有方面，因为我们与学校管理层和学生本身都有直接的联系。非常感谢大家今天的关注。在我们努力消除眼疾的过程中，无论你们的捐赠是大是小，我们都将不胜感激。我们相信，通过我们的努力，世界将变得更加光明和美丽。 Speaker 3：第二部分到此结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查答案。现在请翻到第三部分。 第三部分 Speaker 4：现在请仔细听，并回答第21至第26题。 Speaker 5：好的。你们想在课堂上组织某种形式的正式讨论，对吗，Daniel？ Speaker 6：是的。我们认为以一场正式辩论来结束我们的心理学课程会非常好，你知道，就是有一个陈述，然后人们支持或反对它。 Speaker 5：好主意。这个热情是从哪里来的？你们俩以前组织过辩论吗，Fiona？ Speaker 7：没有。但我的一个朋友在中学最后一年组织过，他说他从中收获很大。而且我知道大学里很多其他系都有辩论。 Speaker 5：我明白了。那么你们认为学生们，包括你们和其他人，会从这当中得到什么？ Speaker 7：嗯，辩论会鼓励人们研究主题的各个方面。而且我也认为听取别人的想法可以让你自己的思路更集中。有时候，你只有听到你不同意的东西时，才会真正知道自己相信什么。 Speaker 5：好的。那辩论的主题呢？ Speaker 6：我们有三个备选。我们一会儿给你看看，确认它们是否合适。起初，我们想请其他学生提建议，但我们担心会得到30个不同的主题。所以，我们俩 brainstormed 了一些，然后列了一个短名单，我们会让他们投票选出最喜欢的那个。 Speaker 5：好的。 Speaker 6：但问题是，如果人们不知道辩论如何进行，他们可能会觉得处于劣势。我的意思是，这不会影响他们的成绩或别的什么，但可能会让他们失去兴趣。所以我们认为应该事先开个会，确保每个人都清楚辩论涉及什么以及如何准备。 Speaker 5：我认为这是个好主意。 Speaker 7：而且我们觉得可以在会上确立一些成功辩论的关键点，比如辩论是考虑问题的有效方法，你需要理解争论的双方才能有效地支持一方。我们认为最好能用一个学生们已经有强烈看法的议题。这样一些人会乐于支持它，另一些人则会反对它。 Speaker 5：好的。 Speaker 6：你们还想在会上做什么？嗯，我们得考虑人们如何为辩论做背景研究。我们可以把所有人分成两队。这应该能为主要发言人节省时间。他们不必自己完成所有工作。我们还需要决定一些规则，比如每个人发言多长时间，以及为辩论选一个主席，一个非常自信的人。 Speaker 5：很好。现在我认为你们应该为辩论安排某种后续活动。辩论结束后，我希望你们让每个人写一篇短文，重点谈谈他们从参与中获得了什么。反过来，这也可以融入我们一直在做的关于学习和动机的工作中。 Speaker 7：但你愿意阅读这些文章并反馈吗？我的意思是，给一些评价。 Speaker 5：如果我不愿意，就不会提这个建议了。 Speaker 7：谢谢。 Speaker 4：在你听到讨论的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第27至第30题。现在请听并回答第27至第30题。 Speaker 5：好的。现在我们再想想会议的事。你们需要确切决定如何向学生们介绍辩论的不同特点。 Speaker 6：嗯，首先，我们需要告诉大家辩论实际上是怎么回事，程序等等。 Speaker 7：我们可以口头讲解，并把主要信息写在黑板上。或者，我们可以把主要步骤做个总结然后发给大家。 Speaker 6：然后再讲解一遍。 Speaker 6：是的。好的。那样更好。 Speaker 7：但我们还需要谈谈肢体语言。 Speaker 6：是的。那是一个非常重要的工具。 Speaker 5：我有一篇关于这个的有趣文章，里面有一些很好的图表，展示了像眼神交流这样的技巧。 Speaker 6：我复印一些给你发下去。 Speaker 5：太好了。 Speaker 6：然后我们需要考虑人们在哪里能找到关于辩论主题的信息。所以他们需要知道去哪里找信息。我们可以整理一个来源列表，教科书、文章等等。 Speaker 7：我们可以。但能不能让大家在会上自己提出建议和意见呢？ Speaker 6：是的。让每个人都参与进来。 Speaker 5：好的。 Speaker 7：那准备提问和回答问题呢？我们可以尝试演示一下，但我不确定怎么演示。 Speaker 6：也许我们可以在黑板上列出一个要点列表，然后讨论它们。 Speaker 7：是的。听起来更好。 Speaker 6：谢谢。 Speaker 5：好的。那我们再碰个头吧。 Speaker 4：第三部分到此结束。你现在有三十秒时间检查第三部分的答案。现在请仔细听，并回答第31至第40题。 第四部分 Speaker 8：今天，我想谈谈怀旧，这是一种将我们的现在与过去联系起来的迷人情感体验。几乎每个人都会时不时地体验到它，那种当我们想起过去生活中的时刻、人或地方时突然涌上心头的情绪。怀旧之情可能因一些小事而触发，让我们回忆起曾经珍视的人或经历。甚至一张照片就能唤醒那些记忆，让我们重温过去生活的一个片段。有时，仅仅一个画面就足以激起我们甚至没有意识到仍然存在的情感。它可能会让我们想起家庭聚会、学生时代或早已逝去的旅行。研究人员发现，气味可以瞬间激活我们以为已经遗忘的记忆。对许多人来说，一种熟悉的香水味可以带回多年前的事件和感受。这是因为我们大脑中处理气味的部分与负责情感和记忆的区域紧密相连，这就是为什么某些气味感觉如此强烈。接下来，让我们思考一下什么最容易引发怀旧情绪。我们保存的过去的东西可以成为强大的情感线索。例如，翻阅日记可以带回对曾经经历过的人、地方和情况的生动回忆。这些日常生活的记录让我们看到自己是如何改变的，我们珍视过什么，以及我们的优先事项是如何随时间变化的。某些类型的音乐可以成为那些经历过人生紧张时期的人强烈的情感触发器。当退伍军人听到行军音乐时，它常常会唤起他们的训练时光和曾经感受到的强烈团结感。这种音乐的节奏、重复和声音模式似乎比语言更能有效地承载情感记忆。来自公共空间的声音常常成为共享传统的情感提醒。来自教堂等仪式大厅的遥远钟声可以唤醒对庆祝活动或社区聚会的记忆。对许多人来说，这些声音代表着与他们文化的联系，或标志着人生关键转折的时刻。接下来，让我们考虑一下怀旧如何影响我们的情感。当人们情绪低落时，怀旧可以作为一种自然的应对机制。通过重温快乐的经历，个人可以暂时缓解抑郁的重压。它几乎就像一个心理重置按钮，提醒我们快乐和意义曾经存在过，并且仍然可以存在。某些味道与早期的经历和家庭传统紧密相连。家里做的蛋糕的气味或味道可以唤醒一个人年轻时的快乐回忆。味道和记忆之间的这种联系常常是传统食物如此令人安慰的原因。它们将我们带回童年的厨房和那些照顾我们的人身边。声音是通往情感回忆最直接的途径之一。仅仅一首过去的歌就能唤醒生动的记忆，并重现过去某个时刻的情绪。有时是歌词，有时是旋律，有时仅仅是熟悉感，让人感觉像是穿越了时空。最后，让我们看看怀旧在现代生活中是如何被运用的。广告商明白，当人们感到情感被触动时，他们更有可能捐款。因此，许多慈善呼吁都围绕着怀旧主题设计，以营造温暖和同理心。通过展示过去的图像或播放过去的音乐，这些活动鼓励人们出于同情心和共同的价值观而行动。怀旧有时被用作医院和养老院的一种温和疗法。训练有素的护士可能会引导患者回忆愉快的经历，以此来减少焦虑和孤独感。这种基于记忆的疗法有助于患者重拾信心、维持认知活动并增强他们的情感健康。