A Situation When You Had to Spend a Long Time in a Traffic Jam

Part 3 追问

这些是考官在该题卡之后提出的讨论题，已编写范文的题目附有参考答案。

1. 1. How can public transport reduce traffic congestion?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the main idea with a vivid one-sentence example and gives the reasoning in short, separate sentences with 'if' and 'or'.用一句生动的例子陈述核心观点,并用'if'和'or'把后面的推理组织成简短、独立的句子。

   By fitting more people into less road. I once counted forty motorbikes waiting at one junction near my office, each with one person on it, and the bus that passed them could have taken all forty with seats left over. Public transport only reduces congestion if it is frequent, reliable, and goes where people need to go — a bus every half hour that stops two kilometres from the office will not persuade anyone. Where it works, people leave their vehicles at home and the road empties. Cities also need to make driving slightly less convenient, or the space just fills up again.

   查看中文翻译

   靠把更多人塞进更少的道路里。我曾经在办公室附近的一个路口数过,有四十辆摩托车在等,每辆车上都只坐一个人,而经过它们的那辆公交车原本可以把这四十个人全部载走,座位还绰绰有余。公共交通只有在班次密集、可靠,并且能到达人们需要去的地方时,才能真正缓解拥堵——如果一辆公交车每半小时才有一班,还要停在离办公室两公里的地方,那根本没人会心动。在公共交通真正发挥作用的地方,人们会把自己的车留在家里,道路也就空了出来。城市也需要让开车稍微变得不那么方便一些,否则空出来的空间很快又会被填满。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“By fitting more people into less road.” — This short opening states the core mechanism plainly. The higher bands keep almost the same wording, showing that at this level the compact opening is already close to the ceiling — what changes is how the surrounding sentences build on it.这句简短的开头平实地陈述了核心机制。更高分数段几乎保留了相同的措辞,说明在这个水平上,这种紧凑的开头已经接近极限——真正变化的是周围句子如何在这个基础上展开。
   • LR“will not persuade anyone” — This is plain, direct phrasing for a bus service failing to attract riders. The higher bands upgrade this to 'persuades nobody', a marginally more formal and economical negative.这是描述一趟公交车无法吸引乘客时平实、直白的说法。更高分数段把它升级为'persuades nobody',这个否定表达略微更正式、更精简。
   • GRA“Cities also need to make driving slightly less convenient, or the space just fills up again.” — This closing sentence joins two ideas with 'or', accurate but plain. The 7.5 version instead lists specific measures — 'fewer parking spaces, congestion charges' — inside a dash-marked aside within a longer sentence, showing more developed detail.这句结尾用'or'连接了两个意思,准确但平淡。7.5分的版本则在一个更长句子中用破折号插入了具体的措施列表——'fewer parking spaces, congestion charges',展现出更充分的细节。

   7.0 分

   Adds 'basically' and 'honestly' as natural spoken hedges and uses a semicolon to link the two conditions for public transport working.加入了'basically'和'honestly'这类自然的口语化让步词,并用分号连接了公共交通生效的两个条件。

   By fitting more people into less road, basically. I once counted forty motorbikes waiting at a single junction near my office, each carrying just one person, and the bus that then passed them could have taken all forty with seats to spare — that's honestly the whole argument in one traffic light. Public transport only reduces congestion if it's frequent, reliable and goes where people actually need to go; a bus every half hour that stops two kilometres from the office persuades nobody. Where it works, as in Hanoi's new metro or Singapore, people leave their vehicles at home and the road empties. Cities also have to make driving a little worse, or the freed-up space just fills again.

   查看中文翻译

   说到底,靠把更多人塞进更少的道路里。我曾经在办公室附近的一个路口数过,有四十辆摩托车在等,每辆只载一个人,而随后经过它们的那辆公交车原本可以把这四十个人全部载走,座位还绰绰有余——说实话,这一个红绿灯路口就是整个论点的缩影。公共交通只有在班次密集、可靠,并且真正能到达人们需要去的地方时,才能缓解拥堵;一辆每半小时才一班、还要停在离办公室两公里外的公交车,根本说服不了任何人。在真正发挥作用的地方,比如河内的新地铁或新加坡,人们会把自己的车留在家里,道路也就空了出来。城市也必须让开车变得稍微差一点,否则空出来的空间很快又会被填满。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“that's honestly the whole argument in one traffic light” — The hedge 'honestly' and the compact image 'in one traffic light' make this closing tag more natural and vivid than the plainer '6.5' version, 'That is really the whole argument'. It's close to the 7.5 phrasing, which drops 'honestly' for an even more confident statement.让步词'honestly'加上紧凑的意象'in one traffic light',使这句结尾的标签比6.5分较平淡的版本'That is really the whole argument'更自然、更生动。它已经很接近7.5分的措辞,后者去掉了'honestly',陈述得更自信。
   • LR“persuades nobody” — This is a more economical, formal negative than the plainer 'will not persuade anyone' at 6.5. It is shared exactly with the 7.5 version, showing convergence in phrasing between the two higher bands.这是一个比6.5分较平淡的'will not persuade anyone'更经济、更正式的否定表达。它和7.5分的版本完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在措辞上趋于一致。
   • GRA“Public transport only reduces congestion if it's frequent, reliable and goes where people actually need to go; a bus every half hour that stops two kilometres from the office persuades nobody.” — This sentence uses a semicolon to join the general condition and the specific counter-example into one continuous structure, more integrated than the two separate sentences at 6.5. It matches the 7.5 structure closely, differing only in small word choices.这句话用分号把一般条件和具体的反例连接成一个连续的结构,比6.5分的两个独立句子更整合。它和7.5分的结构非常接近,只是在个别用词上略有不同。

   7.5 分

   Opens with a dash-linked evaluative tag ('that's the whole argument, really') and lists specific measures — 'fewer parking spaces, congestion charges' — inside the closing sentence.开头用破折号直接接上一个评价性的标签('that's the whole argument, really'),而不是单独成句,并在结尾句子里用破折号列出具体的措施——减少停车位、拥堵费。

   By fitting more people into less road — that's the whole argument, really. I once counted forty motorbikes waiting at a single junction near my office, each carrying one person, and the bus that then passed them could have taken all forty with seats to spare; that's the entire case in one traffic light. Public transport reduces congestion only if it's frequent, reliable and goes where people actually need to go — a bus every half hour that stops two kilometres from the office persuades nobody. Where it works, as in Hanoi's new metro or Singapore, people leave their vehicles at home and the road empties. Cities also have to make driving slightly worse — fewer parking spaces, congestion charges — or the space freed up just fills again.

   查看中文翻译

   靠把更多人塞进更少的道路里——说到底,这就是全部的论点。我曾经在办公室附近的一个路口数过,有四十辆摩托车在等,每辆只载一个人,而随后经过它们的那辆公交车原本可以把这四十个人全部载走,座位还绰绰有余;这一个红绿灯路口,就是整个案例的缩影。公共交通只有在班次密集、可靠,并且真正能到达人们需要去的地方时,才能缓解拥堵——一辆每半小时才一班、还要停在离办公室两公里外的公交车,根本说服不了任何人。在真正发挥作用的地方,比如河内的新地铁或新加坡,人们会把自己的车留在家里,道路也就空了出来。城市也必须让开车变得稍微差一点——比如减少停车位、征收拥堵费——否则空出来的空间很快又会被填满。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“that's the whole argument, really” — Attaching this evaluative tag directly onto the opening clause with a dash, rather than as a separate sentence, creates a more fluent, continuous opening than the structures at 6.5 and 7.0. It signals the answer's central claim before any example is even given.用破折号把这个评价性标签直接接在开头分句上,而不是作为独立的句子,比6.5分和7.0分的结构更流畅、更连贯。它在给出任何例子之前,就先点明了答案的核心论点。
   • LR“that's the entire case in one traffic light” — 'The entire case' is a more precise, almost legal metaphor than the plainer 'the whole argument' used at 6.5 and 7.0. It reinforces the sense of a single piece of evidence proving a whole point.'The entire case'是一个比6.5分和7.0分中较平淡的'the whole argument'更精确、近乎法律用语的比喻。它强化了那种“一件证据证明整个观点”的意味。
   • GRA“Cities also have to make driving slightly worse — fewer parking spaces, congestion charges — or the space freed up just fills again.” — This sentence uses a dash-marked list to name two specific measures within the main clause, more detailed and compact than the vague 'make driving a little worse' used at 6.5 and 7.0. The embedded list adds concrete evidence without breaking the sentence's flow.这句话用破折号列出的列表在主句内点出了两项具体措施,比6.5分和7.0分中较模糊的'make driving a little worse'更详细、更紧凑。这个嵌入式的列表在不打断句子流畅度的情况下增加了具体的论据。

2. 2. What impact does traffic have on the environment?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   Opens with the plain claim 'More impact than most of us realise' and lists the effects of traffic in short, separate clauses joined by 'and'.以平实的论断'More impact than most of us realise'开头,并用'and'连接的简短、独立分句列出交通带来的各种影响。

   More impact than most of us realise. For a year I thought the grey film on my balcony railing was sand from the beach; it is actually exhaust from the road below, and I breathe the rest of it. Traffic is a major source of carbon emissions, and in cities it is the main source of the small particles that damage lungs and hearts. It also brings noise that raises stress and ruins sleep, heat from engines and roads, and roads that cut through farmland and habitats. Congestion makes it worse, since a car sitting for an hour pollutes far more than one moving for ten minutes.

   查看中文翻译

   带来的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大。有整整一年,我都以为阳台栏杆上那层灰色的薄膜是海边吹来的沙子;其实那是楼下马路上的尾气,而剩下的部分我也一样在呼吸。交通是碳排放的主要来源之一,而在城市里,它更是损害肺部和心脏的那些细小颗粒物的主要来源。它还带来噪音,加重压力、破坏睡眠;带来发动机和路面产生的热量;也带来切割农田和栖息地的道路。而拥堵会让情况更糟,因为一辆车停着不动一个小时所造成的污染,远远超过一辆车行驶十分钟。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“More impact than most of us realise.” — This short opening states the claim plainly. The higher bands keep the same idea but with 'most of us see' rather than 'realise', a marginally more visual and precise verb choice repeated across both higher bands.这句简短的开头平实地陈述了论断。更高分数段保留了相同的想法,但用'most of us see'代替'realise',这是一个略微更具视觉感、更精确的动词选择,在两个较高分数段中都出现了。
   • LR“the small particles that damage lungs and hearts” — This is plain, functional phrasing. The higher bands upgrade 'small' to 'fine', a more precise, technical adjective for describing air pollution, matching how the issue is usually described in English.这是平实、功能性的措辞。更高分数段把'small'升级为'fine',这是一个更精确、更专业的形容词,用来描述空气污染,也更符合这个问题在英语中通常的表达方式。
   • GRA“It also brings noise that raises stress and ruins sleep, heat from engines and roads, and roads that cut through farmland and habitats.” — This sentence lists three consequences joined loosely with commas and 'and', accurate but additive. The 7.5 version restructures this list with more precise noun phrases and drops the repeated word 'roads', tightening the structure.这句话用逗号和'and'松散地列出了三个后果,准确但有些堆砌感。7.5分的版本用更精确的名词短语重新组织了这份列表,并去掉了重复的'roads'一词,使结构更紧凑。

   7.0 分

   Adds the hedge 'I'd say' to the opening and upgrades 'small particles' to 'fine particles', a more precise technical term.在开头加入了让步词'I'd say',并把'small particles'升级为更精确的专业术语'fine particles'。

   More than most of us see, I'd say. For a year I assumed the grey film on my balcony railing each morning was sand from the beach; it's actually exhaust from the road below, and I breathe the rest of it. Traffic is a major source of carbon emissions, and in cities it's the main source of the fine particles that damage lungs and hearts. It brings noise that raises stress and ruins sleep, heat from engines and tarmac, and roads that cut through farmland and habitats. Congestion makes it all worse too, because a car crawling for an hour pollutes far more than one moving for ten minutes.

   查看中文翻译

   我想说,带来的影响比我们大多数人所看到的要大。有整整一年,我都以为每天早上阳台栏杆上那层灰色的薄膜是海边吹来的沙子;其实那是楼下马路上的尾气,而剩下的部分我也一样在呼吸。交通是碳排放的主要来源之一,而在城市里,它是那些损害肺部和心脏的细小颗粒物的主要来源。它带来噪音,加重压力、破坏睡眠;带来发动机和沥青路面产生的热量;也带来切割农田和栖息地的道路。拥堵也会让这一切更糟,因为一辆车缓慢挪动一个小时所造成的污染,远远超过一辆车行驶十分钟。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“More than most of us see, I'd say.” — The hedge 'I'd say' softens the claim into a personal judgement, more natural than the flat statement at 6.5. It's a smaller move than the 7.5 opening, which drops the hedge and folds the claim directly into the main clause instead.让步词'I'd say'把论断软化成一种个人判断,比6.5分平铺直叙的陈述更自然。相比7.5分的开头,这是一个较小的调整,后者干脆去掉让步语,把论断直接融入主句。
   • LR“the fine particles that damage lungs and hearts” — 'Fine particles' is the standard, more precise technical term for this kind of pollution, replacing the vaguer 'small particles' used at 6.5. It is shared exactly with the 7.5 version.'Fine particles'是描述这类污染更标准、更精确的专业术语,取代了6.5分较模糊的'small particles'。它和7.5分的版本完全一致。
   • GRA“It brings noise that raises stress and ruins sleep, heat from engines and tarmac, and roads that cut through farmland and habitats.” — This sentence lists the same three consequences as the 6.5 version but replaces 'roads' with 'tarmac' for the second item, avoiding repetition of the word 'roads'. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which restructures the list further using dashes instead of commas.这句话列出的三个后果和6.5分版本相同,但把第二项的'roads'换成了'tarmac',避免了'roads'一词的重复。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者用破折号而不是逗号进一步重新组织了这份列表。

   7.5 分

   Drops the hedge entirely for a flatter, more confident opening and closes with the extra observation that electric vehicles 'fix the exhaust but not the roads, the noise, or the space.'完全去掉了让步词,开头更平实、更自信,并在结尾补充了一点——电动车“能解决尾气问题,但解决不了道路、噪音或空间问题”。

   More than most of us see. For a year I assumed the grey film on my balcony railing each morning was sand from the beach; it's exhaust from the road below, and I breathe the rest of it along with everyone else. Traffic is a major source of carbon emissions, and in cities it's the main source of the fine particles that damage lungs and hearts. It brings noise that raises stress and ruins sleep — heat from engines and tarmac, and roads that slice through farmland and habitats. Congestion makes it all worse, because a car crawling for an hour pollutes far more than one moving for ten minutes; electric vehicles fix the exhaust but not the roads, the noise, or the space.

   查看中文翻译

   带来的影响比我们大多数人所看到的要大。有整整一年,我都以为每天早上阳台栏杆上那层灰色的薄膜是海边吹来的沙子;其实那是楼下马路上的尾气,而我和其他所有人一样也在呼吸剩下的那部分。交通是碳排放的主要来源之一,而在城市里,它是那些损害肺部和心脏的细小颗粒物的主要来源。它带来噪音,加重压力、破坏睡眠——带来发动机和沥青路面产生的热量,以及切割农田和栖息地的道路。拥堵会让这一切更糟,因为一辆车缓慢挪动一个小时所造成的污染,远远超过一辆车行驶十分钟;电动车能解决尾气问题,但解决不了道路、噪音或空间的问题。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“I breathe the rest of it along with everyone else” — Adding 'along with everyone else' extends the personal observation into a shared, collective one, more layered than the plainer versions at 6.5 and 7.0 which stop at 'I breathe the rest of it'. It widens the point from individual to social without adding a new sentence.加入'along with everyone else',把个人观察扩展成一种集体性的观察,比6.5分和7.0分那种止步于'I breathe the rest of it'的较平淡版本更有层次。它在不另起一句的情况下,把观点从个人拓展到了社会层面。
   • LR“roads that slice through farmland and habitats” — 'Slice through' is a more vivid, almost violent verb than the plainer 'cut through' used at 6.5 and 7.0. This kind of small figurative upgrade intensifies the environmental critique.'Slice through'是一个比6.5分和7.0分中较平淡的'cut through'更生动、近乎带有暴力感的动词。这种细微的修辞升级强化了对环境的批判力度。
   • GRA“electric vehicles fix the exhaust but not the roads, the noise, or the space” — This closing clause adds a further, more analytical point that neither lower band reaches; both end after the congestion comparison. The three-item 'not the roads, the noise, or the space' list gives the ending a precise, considered final qualification.这句结尾分句补充了一个更具分析性的观点,是低分数段都没有达到的;两者都在拥堵对比的部分就结束了。三项列表'not the roads, the noise, or the space'为结尾增添了一个精确、经过深思熟虑的最终限定。

3. 3. Should there be higher taxes on large cars?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States agreement plainly and gives the personal reason in one sentence with 'and I say that as someone whose...'.平实地表达同意,并用一句话把个人原因讲清楚,'and I say that as someone whose...'。

   Yes, I think so, and I say that as someone whose evening is often blocked by one SUV parked across our narrow alley, where a normal car would leave room to pass. Large cars use more fuel, take up more road and parking space, and part of their popularity is just fashion, not real need. Taxing them more makes the buyer pay for those costs instead of everyone else. The exceptions should be real needs, like farmers or large families, and the money should go into public transport. What I would avoid is a tax on all cars equally.

   查看中文翻译

   是的,我认为应该,而且我这么说是因为我常常有一整个晚上,都被一辆停在我们家狭窄小巷里的SUV挡住,而如果是一辆普通车,本来是能留出空间让人通过的。大型车辆耗油更多,占用更多的道路和停车空间,而它们受欢迎的部分原因也不过是一种风气,而不是真正的需要。对它们征收更高的税,是让购买者为这些成本买单,而不是让所有人一起承担。例外情况应该是那些真正有需要的人,比如农民或大家庭,而这笔税款应该投入公共交通。我想避免的是对所有汽车一视同仁地征税。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Yes, I think so, and I say that as someone whose evening is often blocked by one SUV parked across our narrow alley” — This opening states agreement and the personal stake in one plain sentence. The higher bands both replace 'I think so' with 'and I say that as someone whose evening is regularly blocked', a slightly more precise adverb of frequency this band lacks.这个开头用一个平实的句子把同意和个人切身体会一起讲清楚了。更高分数段都把'I think so'换成'and I say that as someone whose evening is regularly blocked',这是这个分数段所缺少的、更精确的频率副词。
   • LR“part of their popularity is just fashion, not real need” — This is plain, direct phrasing. The higher bands upgrade this to 'their popularity is partly fashion rather than need', a more compact and formal way of expressing the same contrast.这是平实、直白的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'their popularity is partly fashion rather than need',这是一种更紧凑、更正式的方式来表达同样的对比。
   • GRA“What I would avoid is a tax on all cars equally.” — This is a short, simple closing sentence. The 7.5 version instead extends this into a longer sentence with a relative clause — 'which punishes the family with one small vehicle as much as the person with a tank' — adding a vivid contrast this band doesn't attempt.这是一个简短、简单的结尾句。7.5分的版本则用一个带有定语从句的更长句子来扩展它——'which punishes the family with one small vehicle as much as the person with a tank',加入了这个分数段没有尝试的生动对比。

   7.0 分

   Adds 'regularly' to the personal example and lists the taxing criteria with 'whether by size, weight or engine'.在个人例子里加上了'regularly',并用'whether by size, weight or engine'列出了征税的标准。

   Yes, and I say that as someone whose evening is regularly blocked by a single SUV parked across our narrow alley, where an ordinary car would leave room to pass. Large cars use more fuel, take up more road and parking space, cause more damage in accidents, and their popularity is partly fashion rather than need. Taxing them more, whether by size, weight or engine, makes the buyer pay for those costs instead of everyone else. The exceptions should be real needs — farmers, large families, people carrying equipment — and the money should go into public transport. What I'd resist is a blanket tax on all cars, which treats a small family car the same as a large one.

   查看中文翻译

   是的,而且我这么说是因为我常常有一整个晚上,都被一辆横停在我们家狭窄小巷里的SUV挡住,而如果是一辆普通车,本来是能留出空间让人通过的。大型车辆耗油更多,占用更多的道路和停车空间,在事故中造成的损害也更大,而它们受欢迎的部分原因不过是一种风气,而不是真正的需要。对它们征收更高的税,不管是按车身大小、重量还是发动机排量来计,都是让购买者为这些成本买单,而不是让所有人一起承担。例外情况应该是那些真正有需要的人——农民、大家庭、需要装载设备的人——而这笔税款应该投入公共交通。我想抵制的是对所有汽车一视同仁地征税,这样做等于把一辆小型家庭轿车和一辆大车同等对待。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“regularly blocked by a single SUV” — 'Regularly' is a more precise adverb of frequency than the vaguer 'often' used at 6.5. It matches the 7.5 phrasing exactly, showing the two higher bands converge on this specific word.'Regularly'是一个比6.5分较模糊的'often'更精确的频率副词。它和7.5分的措辞完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个词上趋于一致。
   • LR“their popularity is partly fashion rather than need” — 'Partly fashion rather than need' is a more compact, formal phrasing than the fuller '6.5' version, 'part of their popularity is just fashion, not real need'. The same idea is expressed in fewer, more precise words.'Partly fashion rather than need'比6.5分更完整的版本'part of their popularity is just fashion, not real need'更紧凑、更正式。同样的意思用更少、更精确的词表达出来了。
   • GRA“The exceptions should be real needs — farmers, large families, people carrying equipment — and the money should go into public transport.” — This sentence uses a dash-marked list to name three specific exceptions, more developed than the two-item list at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which uses the identical list but frames the closing tax criticism slightly differently.这句话用破折号列出的三个具体例外情况,比6.5分只有两项的列表更充实。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者用了完全相同的列表,只是在结尾对税收的批评角度略有不同。

   7.5 分

   Keeps the same evidence-based structure as 7.0 but closes with the vivid contrast 'as much as the person with a tank.'保持了和7.0分相同的、基于证据的结构,但结尾用生动的对比'as much as the person with a tank'收尾。

   Yes, and I say that as someone whose evening is regularly blocked by a single SUV parked across our narrow alley, where an ordinary car would leave room to pass. Large cars use more fuel, take more road and parking space, cause more damage in accidents, and their popularity is partly fashion rather than need. Taxing them more, by size, weight or engine, makes the buyer pay for those costs instead of everyone else. The exceptions should be real needs — farmers, large families, people carrying equipment — and the money should go into public transport. What I'd resist is a blanket tax on all cars, which punishes the family with one small vehicle as much as the person with a tank.

   查看中文翻译

   是的,而且我这么说是因为我常常有一整个晚上,都被一辆横停在我们家狭窄小巷里的SUV挡住,而如果是一辆普通车,本来是能留出空间让人通过的。大型车辆耗油更多,占用更多的道路和停车空间,在事故中造成的损害也更大,而它们受欢迎的部分原因不过是一种风气,而不是真正的需要。对它们征收更高的税,不管是按车身大小、重量还是发动机排量来计,都是让购买者为这些成本买单,而不是让所有人一起承担。例外情况应该是那些真正有需要的人——农民、大家庭、需要装载设备的人——而这笔税款应该投入公共交通。我想抵制的是对所有汽车一视同仁地征税,这样做等于把一个只有一辆小车的家庭和一个开着“坦克”的人同等惩罚。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“where an ordinary car would leave room to pass” — This relative clause, attached directly onto the opening sentence, gives a concrete image of the problem before any general argument begins. It's shared closely with the 7.0 version, showing this particular construction is already near the ceiling of what's needed here.这个定语从句直接接在开头句子上,在任何一般性论证展开之前就给出了问题的具体画面。它和7.0分的版本非常接近,说明这个特定结构在这里已经接近所需要的极限了。
   • LR“as much as the person with a tank” — 'A tank' is a vivid, exaggerated metaphor for an oversized vehicle that neither lower band uses; 6.5 and 7.0 both settle for the plainer 'all cars equally' or 'a large one'. This kind of deliberate hyperbole is typical of the top band's closing flourishes.'A tank'是一个生动、夸张的比喻,用来形容一辆过大的车,而两个较低分数段都没有用到这个说法;6.5分和7.0分分别满足于较平淡的'all cars equally'或'a large one'。这种刻意的夸张手法正是最高分数段结尾常见的修辞亮点。
   • GRA“What I'd resist is a blanket tax on all cars, which punishes the family with one small vehicle as much as the person with a tank.” — This closing sentence adds a relative clause onto the main claim, more layered than the plain declarative ending at 6.5. The clause itself contrasts two concrete images — 'a small vehicle' and 'a tank' — within a single controlled structure.这句结尾在主要论点上加了一个定语从句,比6.5分平铺直叙的结尾更有层次。这个从句本身在一个受控的结构里对比了两个具体的意象——'a small vehicle'和'a tank'。

4. 4. Will people have to travel less in order to reduce global warming?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the position plainly ('Some people will, and some already do') and separates the two types of travel — flying and daily — into short sentences.平实地陈述立场('Some people will, and some already do'),并把飞行和日常出行这两种类型分成简短的句子。

   Some people will, and some already do. Our German client cut their visits to us from four times a year to once, and used video calls for the rest — the work did not suffer, which is roughly the future of business travel. Flying is hardest to make clean, so fewer, longer trips seem likely. Daily travel is different — people can move just as much by train, bicycle or electric bus without any harm. So the answer is not simply less travel, but different travel, and less of the kind that cannot be cleaned.

   查看中文翻译

   有些人会,有些人已经在这样做了。我们那家德国客户把每年来访四次减少到一次,其余时间改用视频通话——工作并没有受到影响,而这大概就是未来商务旅行的样子。飞行是最难做到清洁的一种出行方式,所以更少但更长的旅程似乎是未来的趋势。日常出行则不同——人们完全可以坐火车、骑自行车或搭电动巴士,出行量不减,也不会造成什么伤害。所以答案不是简单地“减少旅行”,而是“改变旅行方式”,尤其是减少那些无法被“洗干净”的旅行方式。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Some people will, and some already do.” — This short opening states the balanced position plainly with a simple 'and'. The higher bands both keep this exact wording, showing that at this point the opening itself is already close to optimal.这句简短的开头用一个简单的'and'平实地陈述了这个平衡的立场。更高分数段都保留了完全相同的措辞,说明这个开头本身在这里已经接近最优。
   • LR“cut their visits to us from four times a year to once” — This is plain, literal phrasing for the change in frequency. The higher bands upgrade this to 'quarterly to once a year', more precise and formal vocabulary for describing recurring schedules.这是描述频率变化时平实、字面的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'quarterly to once a year',用更精确、更正式的词汇来描述周期性的安排。
   • GRA“So the answer is not simply less travel, but different travel, and less of the kind that cannot be cleaned.” — This closing sentence chains three ideas with 'not... but... and', accurate but slightly loose. The 7.5 version restructures this into two shorter, punchier sentences separated by a semicolon, giving the conclusion more rhythm.这句结尾用'not... but... and'把三个想法串联起来,准确但略显松散。7.5分的版本则把它重新组织成两个更短、更有力的句子,中间用分号隔开,让结论更有节奏感。

   7.0 分

   Upgrades 'four times a year' to 'quarterly' and uses a colon to introduce the claim about daily travel.把'four times a year'升级为'quarterly',并用冒号引出关于日常出行的论断。

   Some people will, and some already do. Our German client cut their visits to us from quarterly to once a year and replaced the rest with video calls, and honestly, the work didn't suffer — that's roughly what the future looks like for business travel. Flying is the hardest kind of travel to make clean, so fewer, longer trips seem likely, probably at higher prices. Daily travel is different: people can move just as much on trains, bicycles and electric buses without any real harm. So the answer isn't simply less travel; it's different travel, and less of the kind that can't be cleaned up.

   查看中文翻译

   有些人会,有些人已经在这样做了。我们那家德国客户把每季度一次的来访减少到一年一次,其余时间改用视频通话,而老实说,工作并没有受到影响——这大概就是未来商务旅行大致的样子。飞行是最难做到清洁的一种出行方式,所以更少但更长的旅程似乎会成为趋势,票价大概也会更贵。日常出行则不同:人们完全可以坐火车、骑自行车、搭电动巴士,出行量不减,也不会造成什么真正的伤害。所以答案不是简单的“减少旅行”;而是“改变旅行方式”,尤其是减少那些无法被“洗干净”的旅行方式。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“cut their visits to us from quarterly to once a year” — 'Quarterly' is a more precise, formal term than the plainer 'four times a year' used at 6.5. It matches the 7.5 phrasing exactly, showing convergence between the two higher bands on this specific vocabulary.'Quarterly'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'four times a year'更精确、更正式的说法。它和7.5分的措辞完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个具体词汇上趋于一致。
   • LR“Daily travel is different: people can move just as much on trains, bicycles and electric buses without any real harm.” — The colon here introduces the supporting list directly, a more compact device than the dash used for a similar purpose at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 version, which drops the colon in favour of a period and a fresh sentence, showing a slightly different but equally valid choice.这里的冒号直接引出后面的支撑性列表,比6.5分中用破折号实现类似目的更紧凑。这很接近7.5分的版本,后者去掉了冒号,改用句号另起一句,展现出一个同样有效但略有不同的选择。
   • GRA“So the answer isn't simply less travel; it's different travel, and less of the kind that can't be cleaned up.” — This closing sentence uses a semicolon to split the 'not X but Y' contrast into two balanced clauses, more compact than the single 'not... but... and' chain at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which reaches a similar effect with a full stop instead of a semicolon.这句结尾用分号把'not X but Y'这个对比拆成两个平衡的分句,比6.5分单一的'not... but... and'链条更紧凑。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者用句号而不是分号达到了类似的效果。

   7.5 分

   Splits the claim about daily travel into its own short sentence for emphasis and closes with the balanced final pair, 'won't give up seeing their families; they'll simply change how they get there.'把关于日常出行的论断单独拆成一句,以加强语气,并以平衡的结尾对句收尾——“不会放弃看望家人;他们只会改变到达那里的方式”。

   Some people will, and some already do. Our German client cut their visits to us from quarterly to once a year and replaced the rest with better video calls — the work didn't suffer, and that's roughly what the future looks like for business travel. Flying is the hardest kind of travel to make clean, so fewer, longer trips seem inevitable, and probably higher prices along with them. Daily travel is different. People can move just as much on trains, bicycles and electric buses without any harm at all. So the answer isn't simply less travel; it's different travel, and less of the kind that can't be cleaned. Most people won't give up seeing their families; they'll simply change how they get there.

   查看中文翻译

   有些人会,有些人已经在这样做了。我们那家德国客户把每季度一次的来访减少到一年一次,并用更好的视频通话取代了其余的行程——工作并没有受到影响,而这大概就是未来商务旅行大致的样子。飞行是最难做到清洁的一种出行方式,所以更少但更长的旅程似乎不可避免,票价大概也会随之上涨。日常出行则不同。人们完全可以坐火车、骑自行车、搭电动巴士,出行量不减,也完全不会造成伤害。所以答案不是简单的“减少旅行”;而是“改变旅行方式”,尤其是减少那些无法被“洗干净”的旅行方式。大多数人不会放弃去看望家人,他们只会改变到达那里的方式。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Daily travel is different.” — Making this a short, standalone sentence rather than folding it into a colon-led explanation, as at 7.0, gives it more rhetorical weight and a deliberate pause before the supporting detail. This kind of controlled short sentence amid longer ones is a mark of confident pacing.把这一点单独成句,而不是像7.0分那样用冒号并入一个解释性的句子里,使它更有修辞力度,并在支撑细节展开前形成一个刻意的停顿。这种在长句之间穿插短句的控制手法,正是自信节奏感的标志。
   • LR“fewer, longer trips seem inevitable” — 'Inevitable' is a stronger, more precise word than the plainer 'likely' used at 6.5 and 7.0, conveying a firmer sense of certainty about the trend. It fits the more confident tone of the top band overall.'Inevitable'是一个比6.5分和7.0分中较平淡的'likely'更有力、更精确的词,传达出对这一趋势更坚定的确定感。它符合最高分数段整体上更自信的语气。
   • GRA“Most people won't give up seeing their families; they'll simply change how they get there.” — This closing sentence uses a semicolon to balance two short, parallel clauses, a more compact and rhythmic ending than anything the lower bands attempt in their final lines. The parallelism itself is what gives the conclusion its polish.这句结尾用分号平衡了两个简短、并列的分句,比低分数段在结尾句中尝试的任何写法都更紧凑、更有节奏感。这种并列本身正是让结论显得精致的原因。

5. 5. Can traffic problems only be solved by government action?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the main distinction plainly ('the biggest part, but not the only part') and lists what companies, cities and individuals can each do in one sentence joined by commas.平实地陈述核心区分('the biggest part, but not the only part'),并用逗号把企业、城市和个人各自能做的事列在同一句话里。

   Government does the biggest part, but not the only part. Our studio spread out its start times between seven and ten after the staff suggested it over lunch, and our part of the morning rush simply disappeared — no policy, no cost. Companies can allow remote days, cities can be designed around people instead of cars, and individuals can walk, cycle or share rides. What only government can do is build the metro, price the roads and change the rules of the whole system, because no individual can build a bus network. So traffic needs government for the structure and everyone else for the behaviour.

   查看中文翻译

   最大的一部分要靠政府,但不是唯一的一部分。我们工作室在员工午餐时提出建议后,把上班时间分散在七点到十点之间——我们那部分的早高峰就这样直接消失了,没有政策,也没有花钱。企业可以允许远程办公,城市规划可以围绕人而不是车来设计,个人可以走路、骑车或拼车。只有政府能做的事,是修建地铁、给道路定价,以及改变整个系统的规则,因为没有哪个个人能自己建一套公交网络。所以说,解决交通问题,结构性的部分要靠政府,行为上的部分要靠其他所有人。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Government does the biggest part, but not the only part.” — This opening states the balanced position plainly with a simple 'but'. The higher bands add small connecting phrases like 'not the only one', very close in meaning, showing this particular opening is already efficient at 6.5.这个开头用一个简单的'but'平实地陈述了这个平衡的立场。更高分数段都加入了'not the only one'这类简短的连接语,意思非常接近,说明这个具体的开头在6.5分时就已经很高效了。
   • LR“our part of the morning rush simply disappeared” — This is plain, direct phrasing for the outcome. The higher bands upgrade this to 'our corner of the morning rush simply disappeared', a slightly more vivid and specific noun than 'part'.这是描述结果时平实、直白的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'our corner of the morning rush simply disappeared',用一个略微更生动、更具体的名词代替了'part'。
   • GRA“Companies can allow remote days, cities can be designed around people instead of cars, and individuals can walk, cycle or share rides.” — This sentence lists three parallel subjects and actions joined with commas and 'and', accurate and already reasonably balanced. The 7.5 version keeps a very similar structure, showing this particular pattern is already close to the ceiling at 6.5.这句话用逗号和'and'列出了三个平行的主语和动作,准确,而且已经相当平衡了。7.5分的版本保留了非常相似的结构,说明这种特定的句式在6.5分时就已经接近极限了。

   7.0 分

   Adds 'honestly' to the opening contrast and upgrades 'spread out' to 'staggered', a more precise verb for adjusting start times.在开头的对比里加入了'honestly',并把'spread out'升级为更精确的'staggered'来描述调整上班时间。

   Government does the biggest part, but honestly not the only part. Our studio staggered its start times between seven and ten after the staff suggested it over lunch, and our corner of the morning rush simply disappeared — no policy, no cost involved. Companies can allow remote days, cities can be designed around people rather than cars, and individuals can walk, cycle or share rides. What only government can really do is build the metro, price the roads and change the rules of the whole system, because no individual can build a bus network on their own. So traffic needs government for the structure and everyone else for the behaviour.

   查看中文翻译

   最大的一部分要靠政府,但说实话不是唯一的一部分。我们工作室在员工午餐时提出建议后,把上班时间错开在七点到十点之间——我们那部分的早高峰就这样直接消失了,没有政策,也没有产生成本。企业可以允许远程办公,城市规划可以围绕人而不是车来设计,个人可以走路、骑车或拼车。真正只有政府能做的事,是修建地铁、给道路定价,以及改变整个系统的规则,因为没有哪个个人能靠自己建一套公交网络。所以说,解决交通问题,结构性的部分要靠政府,行为上的部分要靠其他所有人。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Government does the biggest part, but honestly not the only part.” — Adding 'honestly' gives this opening a slightly more natural, spoken rhythm than the plain version at 6.5. It's a small step toward the 7.5 opening, which restructures the sentence further with 'not the only part of it'.加入'honestly'让这个开头带上了略微更自然的口语节奏,比6.5分平铺直叙的版本更生动。这是朝着7.5分开头迈出的一小步,后者进一步重新组织了句子,加入了'not the only part of it'。
   • LR“Our studio staggered its start times” — 'Staggered' is a more precise, professional verb than the plainer 'spread out' used at 6.5, exactly naming the scheduling technique described. It is shared closely with the 7.5 version.'Staggered'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'spread out'更精确、更专业的动词,准确地说明了所描述的这种排班技巧。它和7.5分的版本非常接近。
   • GRA“and our corner of the morning rush simply disappeared — no policy, no cost involved” — Adding 'involved' after 'no cost' gives this dash-marked aside a slightly fuller, more deliberate rhythm than the terser version at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which drops 'involved' again for an even more compact final beat.在'no cost'后面加上'involved',让这个破折号插入语比6.5分较简短的版本节奏更充实、更从容。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者又去掉了'involved',形成更紧凑的结尾节拍。

   7.5 分

   Extends the opening with 'of it' for a tighter rhythm and closes with the idiomatic final clause, 'an excuse most of us reach for.'在开头加上'of it'使节奏更紧凑,并以一句地道的结尾分句'an excuse most of us reach for'收尾。

   Government does the biggest part, but not the only part of it. Our studio staggered its start times between seven and ten after the staff suggested it over lunch, and our corner of the morning rush simply disappeared — no policy, no cost. Companies can allow remote days, cities can be designed around people rather than cars, and individuals can walk, cycle or share rides. What only government can do is build the metro, price the roads and change the rules of the whole system, since no individual can single-handedly build a bus network. So traffic needs government for the structure and everyone else for the behaviour — waiting for the state alone is an excuse most of us reach for.

   查看中文翻译

   最大的一部分要靠政府,但不是唯一的一部分。我们工作室在员工午餐时提出建议后,把上班时间错开在七点到十点之间——我们那部分的早高峰就这样直接消失了,没有政策,也没有成本。企业可以允许远程办公,城市规划可以围绕人而不是车来设计,个人可以走路、骑车或拼车。只有政府能做的事,是修建地铁、给道路定价,以及改变整个系统的规则,因为没有哪个个人能凭一己之力建一套公交网络。所以说,解决交通问题,结构性的部分要靠政府,行为上的部分要靠其他所有人——只等着国家出手,是我们大多数人常拿来当借口的说法。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“but not the only part of it” — Adding 'of it' at the very end creates a slightly more rhythmic, spoken-sounding close to the opening clause than the plainer version at 6.5 or the 'honestly' insertion at 7.0. It's a subtle but genuine stylistic touch.在末尾加上'of it',使这个开头分句比6.5分较平淡的版本或7.0分插入的'honestly'带有略微更有节奏感、更口语化的收尾感。这是一个细微但真实的文体处理。
   • LR“since no individual can single-handedly build a bus network” — 'Single-handedly' is a more vivid, idiomatic adverb than the plainer phrasing 'no individual can build a bus network' used at 6.5 and 'on their own' at 7.0. It packs the same meaning into a single, more natural word.'Single-handedly'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'no individual can build a bus network'和7.0分的'on their own'更生动、更地道的副词。它把同样的意思浓缩进一个更自然的单词里。
   • GRA“waiting for the state alone is an excuse most of us reach for” — This closing dash-linked clause adds a further, more critical observation that neither lower band attempts; both stop after the plain statement about structure and behaviour. The idiom 'reach for' gives the ending a memorable, slightly wry final note.这个用破折号连接的结尾分句补充了一个更具批判性的观点,是两个低分数段都没有尝试的;两者都在结构和行为这一点上就结束了。'reach for'这个习语给结尾增添了一个令人难忘、略带讽刺意味的收尾。

6. 6. Do motorways or highways make traffic flow more smoothly?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the two-stage answer plainly ('For a while, and then usually not') and describes the widened road story in one sentence joined by commas.平实地陈述两阶段的答案('For a while, and then usually not'),并用逗号把拓宽道路的故事讲成一句话。

   For a while, and then usually not. When the coastal road out of Da Nang was widened, it flowed beautifully for about a year, and then the new lanes filled with trips people had not made before because of the traffic — the smoother road invited more driving. Motorways move traffic more efficiently than city streets, and for long journeys they are clearly better. The problem is what happens at each end, where the motorway empties into ordinary roads that cannot cope. So they smooth the middle of a journey and jam the ends. Building more road is a fix that creates its own problem.

   查看中文翻译

   会好一阵子,但之后通常又会变差。岘港往海边延伸的沿海公路拓宽之后,大约有一年的时间车流顺畅得很美妙,然后新增的车道就被那些以前因为堵车而不会出的行程填满了——更顺畅的路反而诱发了更多的开车行为。高速公路确实比城市街道更高效地疏导车流,对长途出行来说,它们明显更好。问题出在两端,高速公路在两端汇入普通道路,而这些道路根本承受不了。所以它们把行程的中段变顺畅了,却把两端堵死了。多修路是一种会制造自身问题的解决办法。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“For a while, and then usually not.” — This short opening states the two-stage pattern plainly. Both higher bands keep this exact phrase, showing that this particular compact opening is already close to optimal at 6.5.这句简短的开头平实地陈述了这个两阶段的模式。两个更高分数段都保留了完全相同的表达,说明这个特别紧凑的开头在6.5分时就已经接近最优了。
   • LR“Building more road is a fix that creates its own problem.” — This is plain, direct phrasing for the closing observation. The higher bands upgrade this to 'a treatment that creates its own disease', a more vivid medical metaphor for the same idea.这是描述这个结尾观察时平实、直白的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'a treatment that creates its own disease',用一个更生动的医学比喻来表达同样的意思。
   • GRA“The problem is what happens at each end, where the motorway empties into ordinary roads that cannot cope.” — This is a single sentence with a relative clause. The 7.5 version restructures this into two shorter, punchier sentences — 'So they smooth the middle of journeys and jam the ends' — separated for rhythmic effect rather than joined by 'so'.这是一个带有定语从句的单句。7.5分的版本把它重新组织成两个更短、更有力的句子——'So they smooth the middle of journeys and jam the ends'——为了修辞效果而分开,而不是用'so'连接起来。

   7.0 分

   Upgrades the closing metaphor to 'a treatment that creates its own disease' and adds the qualifying clause 'unless something else discourages driving.'把结尾的比喻升级为'a treatment that creates its own disease',并加上限定性从句'unless something else discourages driving'。

   For a while, and then usually not. When the coastal road out of Da Nang was widened, it flowed beautifully for about a year, and then the new lanes filled with the trips people hadn't made before because of the traffic — the smoother road invited more driving. Motorways do move traffic more efficiently than city streets, and for long-distance freight and travel they're clearly better than anything else. The problem is what happens at each end, where the motorway empties into ordinary roads that can't cope. So they smooth the middle of journeys and jam the ends. Building more road is a treatment that creates its own disease, unless something else discourages driving.

   查看中文翻译

   会好一阵子,但之后通常又会变差。岘港往海边延伸的沿海公路拓宽之后,大约有一年的时间车流顺畅得很美妙,然后新增的车道就被那些以前因为堵车而不会出的行程填满了——更顺畅的路反而诱发了更多的开车行为。高速公路确实比城市街道更高效地疏导车流,对于长途货运和出行来说,它们明显比其他任何方式都好。问题出在两端,高速公路在两端汇入普通道路,而这些道路根本承受不了。所以它们把行程的中段变顺畅了,却把两端堵死了。多修路是一种会制造自身疾病的“治疗”,除非有别的措施能抑制人们开车的欲望。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“for long-distance freight and travel they're clearly better than anything else” — 'Long-distance' is a more precise qualifier than the plainer 'long journeys' at 6.5, and the addition of 'clearly' sharpens the comparison. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which uses identical wording here.'Long-distance'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'long journeys'更精确的限定语,而'clearly'的加入也让这个比较更犀利。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者在这里用的是完全相同的措辞。
   • LR“a treatment that creates its own disease” — This medical metaphor is more vivid and precise than the plainer 'a fix that creates its own problem' used at 6.5. It is shared exactly with the 7.5 version, showing the two higher bands converge on this specific figurative choice.这个医学比喻比6.5分较平淡的'a fix that creates its own problem'更生动、更精确。它和7.5分的版本完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个具体的比喻选择上趋于一致。
   • GRA“Building more road is a treatment that creates its own disease, unless something else discourages driving.” — This closing sentence adds a concessive 'unless' clause onto the metaphor, more layered than the plain declarative ending at 6.5. It's identical to the 7.5 closing sentence, showing this particular construction is shared across the top two bands.这句结尾在比喻上加了一个让步性的'unless'从句,比6.5分平铺直叙的结尾更有层次。它和7.5分的结尾句完全相同,说明这个特定的结构在这两个最高分数段中是共通的。

   7.5 分

   Adds the reflective tag 'in my experience' to the opening and uses a semicolon to fold the induced-demand point directly into the road story.在开头加上反思性的短语'in my experience',并用分号把诱发性需求这一点直接并入道路的故事里。

   For a while, and then usually not, in my experience. When the coastal road out of Da Nang was widened, it flowed beautifully for about a year — and then the new lanes filled with the trips people hadn't made before, simply because of the traffic; the smoother road invited more driving. Motorways do move traffic more efficiently than city streets, and for long-distance freight and travel they're clearly better than anything else. The problem is what happens at each end, where the motorway empties into ordinary roads that can't cope. So they smooth the middle of journeys and jam the ends. Building more road is a treatment that creates its own disease, unless something else genuinely discourages driving.

   查看中文翻译

   根据我的经验,会好一阵子,但之后通常又会变差。岘港往海边延伸的沿海公路拓宽之后,大约有一年的时间车流顺畅得很美妙——然后新增的车道就被那些以前因为堵车而不会出的行程填满了,单纯是因为交通状况改善了;更顺畅的路诱发了更多的开车行为。高速公路确实比城市街道更高效地疏导车流,对于长途货运和出行来说,它们明显比其他任何方式都好。问题出在两端,高速公路在两端汇入普通道路,而这些道路根本承受不了。所以它们把行程的中段变顺畅了,却把两端堵死了。多修路是一种会制造自身疾病的“治疗”,除非有别的措施能真正抑制人们开车的欲望。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“the smoother road invited more driving” — This personifying phrase, treating the road as if it actively 'invites' behaviour, is a slightly more vivid way of stating induced demand than a plainer causal sentence would be. It's shared closely with the lower bands, showing this particular phrase was already strong at 6.5 and simply carried through.这个拟人化的表达,把道路当作主动“诱发”某种行为的主体,是一种比平铺直叙的因果句更生动的方式来陈述诱发性需求。它和低分数段的版本很接近,说明这个特定表达在6.5分时就已经很出色,只是被直接沿用了下来。
   • LR“The problem is what happens at each end, where the motorway empties into ordinary roads that can't cope.” — The contraction 'can't' gives this a slightly more natural spoken rhythm than the fuller 'cannot' used at 6.5, a small but genuine register choice typical of the top band's spoken style.缩写形式'can't'比6.5分完整的'cannot'带有略微更自然的口语节奏,这是最高分数段口语化风格中常见的一个虽小但真实的语域选择。
   • GRA“So they smooth the middle of journeys and jam the ends.” — This short, punchy sentence balances two parallel verb phrases — 'smooth the middle' and 'jam the ends' — against each other, a more compact and rhythmic conclusion than the longer relative-clause sentence used earlier at 6.5 for similar content.这句简短、有力的句子把两个并列的动词短语——'smooth the middle'和'jam the ends'——相互对照,是一种比之前6.5分中用定语从句表达类似内容的更长句子更紧凑、更有节奏感的结尾方式。

7. 7. What is the difference between being stuck in a traffic jam in a car and being stuck in a traffic jam in a bus?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the main distinction as a single word ('Mostly responsibility') and describes the bus and car experiences in separate short sentences.用一个词陈述核心区分('Mostly responsibility'),并用独立的短句分别描述公交车和汽车上的经历。

   Mostly responsibility. Stuck on a bus, I have slept, read, and once watched a whole film, because nothing was mine to manage. Stuck in a car at Tết, I had to think about fuel, the engine, and whether to move forward. A driver cannot switch off, and the frustration feels sharper because you feel you should help. A bus passenger is also part of a small group — strangers complain together, share snacks, joke — while a car is a private box of annoyance. The car is more comfortable and the bus is more restful, which are not the same thing.

   查看中文翻译

   主要是责任感的问题。堵在公交车上时,我睡过觉、看过书,还有一次看完了一整部电影,因为没有什么事需要我去处理。而过年堵在车里的时候,我得操心油量、发动机,以及要不要往前挪。开车的人没办法真正“关机”,而那种挫败感也因为你觉得自己应该能帮上忙而显得更强烈。公交车上的乘客也算是一个小群体的一部分——陌生人一起抱怨、分享零食、开玩笑——而车则是一个私人的、装满烦躁情绪的小盒子。车更舒适,公交车更让人放松,这两者并不是一回事。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Mostly responsibility.” — This one-word opening is direct and economical. Both higher bands keep the same word but add a small qualifying phrase after it, showing this particular compact opening was already close to optimal.这个一个词的开头直接、经济。两个更高分数段都保留了这个词,但在后面加了一个简短的限定短语,说明这个紧凑的开头本身在这里已经接近最优。
   • LR“a car is a private box of annoyance” — This is a fairly plain metaphor. The higher bands upgrade 'annoyance' to 'irritation', a slightly more precise and formal word for the same feeling.这是一个相当平淡的比喻。更高分数段把'annoyance'升级为'irritation',这个词略微更精确、更正式,表达同样的感受。
   • GRA“A bus passenger is also part of a small group — strangers complain together, share snacks, joke — while a car is a private box of annoyance.” — This sentence uses a dash-marked list inside a 'while' contrast, already a reasonably ambitious structure. The higher bands keep a very similar pattern, showing this particular construction was already close to the ceiling at 6.5.这句话在一个'while'对比结构里用破折号插入了一份列表,这本身已经是相当有野心的结构了。更高分数段保留了非常相似的模式,说明这个特定结构在6.5分时就已经接近极限了。

   7.0 分

   Adds 'I'd say' and uses a semicolon to join the bus and car experiences into one continuous sentence.加入了'I'd say',并用分号把公交车和汽车上的经历连成一个连续的句子。

   Mostly responsibility, I'd say. Stuck on a bus, I've slept, read and once watched a whole film on the way to Hue, because nothing was mine to manage; stuck in that same kind of jam in a car at Tết, I had to think about fuel, the engine, and whether to inch forward each time the queue moved a metre. A driver can't really switch off, and the frustration feels sharper because you feel you should help. A bus passenger is also part of a small society — strangers complain together, share snacks, joke — while a car is a private box of irritation. The car is more comfortable and the bus is more restful, which honestly aren't the same thing.

   查看中文翻译

   我想说,主要是责任感的问题。堵在公交车上时,我睡过觉、看过书,还有一次在去顺化的路上看完了一整部电影,因为没有什么事需要我去处理;而在过年时同样堵在车里,我得操心油量、发动机,以及每次车队挪动一米时要不要跟着往前挪。开车的人没办法真正放空,而那种挫败感也因为你觉得自己应该能帮上忙而显得更强烈。公交车上的乘客也算是一个小型社会的一部分——陌生人一起抱怨、分享零食、开玩笑——而车则是一个私人的、装满烦躁情绪的小盒子。车更舒适,公交车更让人放松,而老实说,这两者并不是一回事。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Mostly responsibility, I'd say.” — Adding 'I'd say' softens the blunt one-word claim at 6.5 into a more considered personal judgement. It's a smaller move than the 7.5 opening, which drops the hedge entirely in favour of a plain, confident statement.加入'I'd say',把6.5分那种直白的单字论断软化成一种更经过思考的个人判断。相比7.5分的开头,这是一个较小的调整,后者完全去掉了让步语,改用一个平实、自信的陈述。
   • LR“a car is a private box of irritation” — 'Irritation' is a slightly more precise, formal word than the plainer 'annoyance' used at 6.5. It is shared exactly with the 7.5 version, showing the two higher bands converge on this specific vocabulary.'Irritation'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'annoyance'略微更精确、更正式的词。它和7.5分的版本完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个具体词汇上趋于一致。
   • GRA“because nothing was mine to manage; stuck in that same kind of jam in a car at Tết, I had to think about fuel, the engine, and whether to inch forward each time the queue moved a metre” — This sentence uses a semicolon to join the bus and car experiences into one long, continuous structure, more ambitious than the two separate sentences at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 version, which achieves the same join with slightly more compact wording.这句话用分号把公交车和汽车的经历连成一个长而连续的结构,比6.5分的两个独立句子更有野心。这很接近7.5分的版本,后者用略微更紧凑的措辞达到了同样的连接效果。

   7.5 分

   Inverts the opening to 'Responsibility, mostly' for a more compact rhythm and adds the vivid detail 'the orange tree' to the Tết car story.把开头倒装成'Responsibility, mostly'以获得更紧凑的节奏,并在过年那趟车程的故事里加入了生动的细节'the orange tree'。

   Responsibility, mostly. Stuck on a bus, I've slept, read and once watched a whole film on the way to Hue, because nothing was mine to manage; stuck in that car at Tết, I had to think about fuel, the engine, the orange tree, and whether to inch forward each time the queue moved a metre. A driver can't switch off, and the frustration is sharper because you feel you should be able to do something. A bus passenger is also part of a small society — strangers complain together, share snacks, joke — while a car is a private box of irritation. The car is more comfortable and the bus is more restful, which are not the same thing.

   查看中文翻译

   主要是责任感的问题。堵在公交车上时,我睡过觉、看过书,还有一次在去顺化的路上看完了一整部电影,因为没有什么事需要我去处理;而在过年堵在车里的时候,我得操心油量、发动机、那盆橘子树,以及每次车队挪动一米时要不要跟着往前挪。开车的人没办法真正放空,而那种挫败感也更强烈,因为你觉得自己应该能做点什么。公交车上的乘客也算是一个小型社会的一部分——陌生人一起抱怨、分享零食、开玩笑——而车则是一个私人的、装满烦躁情绪的小盒子。车更舒适,公交车更让人放松,这两者并不是一回事。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“Responsibility, mostly.” — Inverting the word order to put the noun first is a slightly more compact, confident opening than the fuller 'Mostly responsibility' used at 6.5 and 7.0. It reads as a settled, almost aphoristic judgement.把词序倒装、名词放在前面,比6.5分和7.0分中更完整的'Mostly responsibility'略微更紧凑、更自信的开头。读起来像是一个已经沉淀下来的、近乎格言式的判断。
   • LR“the orange tree” — This small, unexpected concrete detail — a Tết orange tree being transported by car — adds a vivid, culturally specific image that neither lower band includes. It grounds the abstract point about responsibility in a genuinely memorable particular.这个小而出人意料的具体细节——用车运送一盆过年的橘子树——增添了一个两个低分数段都没有的、生动且具有文化特色的意象。它把关于责任感这个抽象的观点落实到了一个真正令人难忘的具体细节上。
   • GRA“stuck in that car at Tết, I had to think about fuel, the engine, the orange tree, and whether to inch forward each time the queue moved a metre” — This sentence lists four items instead of the three used at 6.5 and 7.0, adding 'the orange tree' into the same semicolon-joined structure. The extra item, without disrupting the sentence's balance, shows confident control of a longer list.这句话列出了四项而不是6.5分和7.0分的三项,把'the orange tree'加入了同一个用分号连接的结构里。这个额外的项目在不破坏句子平衡的情况下,展现出对更长列表的自信掌控。

8. 8. What times of day is traffic heaviest in most cities?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   Uses a colon to introduce the two main peaks and lists the extra factors — Friday evenings, Tết, rain — in one long sentence joined by commas.用冒号引出两个主要高峰,并把额外的因素——周五晚上、春节、下雨——用逗号连接放进同一个长句里。

   The two obvious peaks: roughly seven to nine in the morning, when work and school start together, and five to seven in the evening when they end. In Da Nang there is a third, smaller peak at around eleven, when parents collect children from morning school and the roads near every primary school get jammed for twenty minutes. Friday evenings are the worst, holidays like Tết cause jams that last for days, and rain makes everything worse. Cities with long lunch breaks also get a midday surge. Remote work has flattened the morning peak a little, though not the evening one.

   查看中文翻译

   两个明显的高峰:大概早上七点到九点,那时候上班和上学同时开始;还有下午五点到七点,那时候两者同时结束。在岘港还有第三个、规模较小的高峰,大概在上午十一点左右,那时候家长要去接上早班的孩子放学,每所小学附近的道路都会堵上二十分钟。周五晚上是最糟糕的,春节这类节日会造成持续好几天的拥堵,下雨则会让一切变得更糟。午休时间长的城市还会出现一个中午的高峰。远程办公已经让早高峰稍微平缓了一些,但晚高峰并没有。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“The two obvious peaks: roughly seven to nine in the morning” — The colon here introduces the list directly and plainly. Both higher bands keep this exact structure, showing that this particular colon-led opening was already efficient at 6.5.这里的冒号直接、平实地引出了这份列表。两个更高分数段都保留了完全相同的结构,说明这个用冒号引出的开头在6.5分时就已经很高效了。
   • LR“the roads near every primary school get jammed for twenty minutes” — This is plain, direct phrasing. The higher bands upgrade this to 'clog for twenty minutes', a more vivid, physical verb than the plainer 'get jammed'.这是平实、直白的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'clog for twenty minutes',用一个更生动、更具画面感的动词代替了较平淡的'get jammed'。
   • GRA“Friday evenings are the worst, holidays like Tết cause jams that last for days, and rain makes everything worse.” — This sentence lists three separate facts joined loosely with commas and 'and', accurate but additive. The 7.5 version restructures this list with tighter, more parallel phrasing and adds a further clause about the rain app, extending the sentence's scope.这句话用逗号和'and'松散地列出了三个独立的事实,准确但有堆砌感。7.5分的版本用更紧凑、更平行的措辞重新组织了这份列表,并加上了一个关于下雨天气软件的分句,拓展了句子的范围。

   7.0 分

   Upgrades 'get jammed' to 'clog' and uses the verb 'multiplies' rather than the plainer 'makes worse' for describing rain's effect.把'get jammed'升级为'clog',并用动词'multiplies'代替较平淡的'makes worse'来描述下雨造成的影响。

   The two obvious peaks: roughly seven to nine in the morning, when work and school begin together, and five to seven in the evening when they end. In Da Nang there's a third, smaller one at around eleven, when parents collect children from morning school and the roads near every primary school clog for twenty minutes. Friday evenings are worst, holidays like Tết produce jams that can last days, and rain multiplies everything. Cities with long lunch breaks, like some in Vietnam, get a midday surge too. What's changing is that remote work has flattened the morning peak slightly, though not the evening one.

   查看中文翻译

   两个明显的高峰:大概早上七点到九点,那时候上班和上学同时开始;还有下午五点到七点,那时候两者同时结束。在岘港还有第三个、规模较小的高峰,大概在上午十一点左右,那时候家长要去接上早班的孩子放学,每所小学附近的道路都会堵得动弹不得二十分钟。周五晚上是最糟糕的,春节这类节日会造成持续好几天的拥堵,而下雨会让一切成倍变糟。像越南一些城市那样午休时间长的地方,也会出现一个中午的高峰。正在改变的是,远程办公已经让早高峰稍微平缓了一些,虽然晚高峰并没有。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“the roads near every primary school clog for twenty minutes” — 'Clog' is a more vivid, physical verb than the plainer 'get jammed' used at 6.5. It is shared exactly with the 7.5 version, showing the two higher bands converge on this specific choice.'Clog'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'get jammed'更生动、更具画面感的动词。它和7.5分的版本完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个具体词汇选择上趋于一致。
   • LR“rain multiplies everything” — 'Multiplies' is a more precise, almost mathematical verb than the plainer 'makes everything worse' used at 6.5. It suggests a compounding effect rather than a simple additive one.'Multiplies'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'makes everything worse'更精确、近乎数学化的动词,暗示的是一种复合叠加的效果,而不是简单的相加。
   • GRA“Friday evenings are worst, holidays like Tết produce jams that can last days, and rain multiplies everything.” — This sentence tightens the list at 6.5 by dropping the article 'the' before 'worst' and adding 'can' before 'last days', small but genuine refinements. It's close to the 7.5 version, which restructures the phrase further into 'jams that last days' without 'can'.这句话在6.5分列表的基础上去掉了'worst'前面的冠词'the',并在'last days'前加了'can',这是一个虽小但真实的打磨。这很接近7.5分的版本,后者把这个短语进一步重新组织成不带'can'的'jams that last days'。

   7.5 分

   Adds the wry aside 'my rain app can warn me about storms but not about that' after the school-pickup detail.在接送孩子放学的细节后面加了一句干巴巴的自嘲——“我的天气软件能提醒我暴风雨要来了,但对这个却无能为力”。

   The two obvious peaks: roughly seven to nine in the morning, when work and school begin together, and five to seven in the evening when they end. In Da Nang there's a third, smaller one at around eleven, when parents collect children from morning school and the roads near every primary school clog for twenty minutes — my rain app can warn me about storms but not about that. Friday evenings are worst, holidays like Tết produce jams that last days, and rain multiplies everything. Cities with long lunch breaks, like some in Vietnam, get a midday surge too. What's changing is that remote work has flattened the morning peak slightly, though not the evening one.

   查看中文翻译

   两个明显的高峰:大概早上七点到九点,那时候上班和上学同时开始;还有下午五点到七点,那时候两者同时结束。在岘港还有第三个、规模较小的高峰,大概在上午十一点左右,那时候家长要去接上早班的孩子放学,每所小学附近的道路都会堵得动弹不得二十分钟——我的天气软件能提醒我暴风雨要来了,但对这个却无能为力。周五晚上是最糟糕的,春节这类节日会造成持续好几天的拥堵,而下雨会让一切成倍变糟。像越南一些城市那样午休时间长的地方,也会出现一个中午的高峰。正在改变的是,远程办公已经让早高峰稍微平缓了一些,虽然晚高峰并没有。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“my rain app can warn me about storms but not about that” — This dry, self-deprecating aside adds a small joke that neither lower band attempts, immediately following the school-pickup detail with a dash. It gives the answer a distinctive personal voice beyond simply listing facts.这个干巴巴、自嘲式的插话补充了一个两个低分数段都没有尝试的小玩笑,紧接在接送孩子放学的细节后面,用破折号插入。它让答案有了一种超越单纯罗列事实的、独特的个人声音。
   • LR“jams that last days” — Dropping 'can' before 'last days', unlike the 7.0 version's 'jams that can last days', makes the claim more direct and confident rather than merely possible. This small trimming for assertiveness is typical of the top band.去掉'last days'前面的'can',不像7.0分版本的'jams that can last days',使这个论断更直接、更肯定,而不仅仅是一种可能性。这种为了增强肯定语气而做的小幅精简,正是最高分数段的典型特征。
   • GRA“the roads near every primary school clog for twenty minutes — my rain app can warn me about storms but not about that” — The dash here attaches a witty aside directly onto the main descriptive clause, more ambitious than the plain full stop used at 6.5 and 7.0 after the same detail. The interruption itself shows confident control of sentence rhythm.这里的破折号把一句诙谐的插话直接接在主要的描述性分句上,比6.5分和7.0分在同样细节后面使用的平实句号更有野心。这种打断本身就展现出对句子节奏自信的掌控。

9. 9. Will traffic in cities get worse in the future?

   2026年5–8月
   查看这道题的6.5 / 7.0 / 7.5三档对比

   6.5 分

   States the two-stage prediction plainly ('worse first, then maybe better') and lists the opposing trends in one sentence joined by commas.平实地陈述两阶段的预测('worse first, then maybe better'),并用逗号把相反的趋势列在同一个句子里。

   In cities like mine, worse first, then maybe better. Da Nang is swapping motorbikes for cars as people get richer, and one car takes up the road space of about five bikes, so the same number of people now creates far more traffic. On the other side, remote work, delivery instead of shopping, and better public transport all pull the other way, and some rich cities have seen traffic fall. Whether it gets worse depends on choices made now — build metros or build ring roads. My honest guess is a rough decade for growing Asian cities, then slow improvement for the ones that plan ahead.

   查看中文翻译

   在像我们这样的城市里,会先变差,然后也许才会变好。随着人们变得富裕,岘港正在用汽车取代摩托车,而一辆汽车占用的道路空间大约相当于五辆摩托车,所以同样数量的人现在却制造出了多得多的交通量。另一方面,远程办公、用外卖代替购物,以及更好的公共交通都在把情况往另一个方向拉,而有些富裕城市的交通量确实已经出现下降。情况是否会变差取决于现在做出的选择——是修建地铁,还是修建环城公路。我个人的猜测是,正在发展中的亚洲城市会经历大约十年的艰难期,之后那些提前规划好的城市会慢慢好转。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“In cities like mine, worse first, then maybe better.” — This short opening states the prediction plainly. Both higher bands upgrade 'maybe better' to 'perhaps better', a slightly more formal hedge for the same idea.这句简短的开头平实地陈述了这个预测。两个更高分数段都把'maybe better'升级为'perhaps better',这是一个略微更正式的让步表达。
   • LR“the same number of people now creates far more traffic” — This is plain, direct phrasing. The higher bands upgrade this to 'the same number of people now makes far more traffic', a subtle but real shift toward the more idiomatic collocation 'makes traffic' over 'creates traffic'.这是平实、直白的说法。更高分数段都把它升级为'the same number of people now makes far more traffic',这是朝着更地道的搭配'makes traffic'(而非'creates traffic')迈出的微妙但真实的一步。
   • GRA“Whether it gets worse depends on choices made now — build metros or build ring roads.” — This sentence uses a dash to attach a short, parallel two-item list. The 7.5 version instead restructures the same list as 'build metros or build ring roads', with a colon-like function through the dash, showing this construction is already close to the ceiling at 6.5.这句话用破折号加上一个简短、并列的两项列表。7.5分的版本则把同样的列表重新组织成'build metros or build ring roads',通过破折号起到类似冒号的作用,说明这个结构在6.5分时就已经接近极限了。

   7.0 分

   Upgrades 'maybe' to 'perhaps' and uses a colon rather than a dash to introduce the metro-versus-ring-roads choice.把'maybe'升级为'perhaps',并用冒号而不是破折号来引出“修地铁还是修环城公路”这个选择。

   In cities like mine, worse first, then perhaps better. Da Nang is swapping motorbikes for cars as people get richer, and one car takes the road space of five bikes, so the same number of people now makes far more traffic than before. On the other side, remote work, delivery replacing shopping trips, and better public transport in the big cities all pull the other way, and some rich cities have actually seen traffic fall. Whether it gets worse depends on choices made now: build metros or build ring roads. My honest guess is a rough decade for growing Asian cities, and a slow improvement afterwards for the ones that plan for it.

   查看中文翻译

   在像我们这样的城市里,会先变差,然后也许才会变好一些。随着人们变得富裕,岘港正在用汽车取代摩托车,而一辆汽车占用的道路空间相当于五辆摩托车,所以同样数量的人现在制造出的交通量比以前多得多。另一方面,远程办公、用外卖代替购物出行,以及大城市里更好的公共交通都在把情况往另一个方向拉,而一些富裕城市的交通量确实已经出现下降。情况是否会变差取决于现在做出的选择:是修建地铁,还是修建环城公路。我个人的猜测是,正在发展中的亚洲城市会经历大约十年的艰难期,之后那些为此提前规划的城市会慢慢好转。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“In cities like mine, worse first, then perhaps better.” — 'Perhaps' is a slightly more formal, considered hedge than the plainer 'maybe' used at 6.5. It matches the 7.5 phrasing exactly, showing the two higher bands converge on this word.'Perhaps'是一个比6.5分较平淡的'maybe'略微更正式、更经过思考的让步词。它和7.5分的措辞完全一致,说明这两个较高分数段在这个词上趋于一致。
   • LR“one car takes the road space of five bikes” — This is a more precise, compact way of stating the ratio than the fuller '6.5' version, 'one car takes up the road space of about five bikes'. Dropping 'up' and 'about' tightens the sentence without losing accuracy.这是一种比6.5分更完整的版本'one car takes up the road space of about five bikes'更精确、更紧凑的比例表达方式。去掉'up'和'about'使句子更紧凑,而不失准确性。
   • GRA“Whether it gets worse depends on choices made now: build metros or build ring roads.” — The colon here introduces the two-item choice directly, a slightly more formal device than the dash used at 6.5. It's close to the 7.5 structure, which restructures the whole sentence to foreground the flood-of-cars image before this same choice appears.这里的冒号直接引出这个两项的选择,比6.5分用的破折号略微更正式。这很接近7.5分的结构,后者重新组织了整个句子,先把汽车潮涌的意象放在前面,再引出这同一个选择。

   7.5 分

   Adds the dash-marked aside 'that trend has years left to run' to intensify the warning about cars replacing motorbikes.加上了用破折号插入的补充说明'that trend has years left to run',以强化关于汽车取代摩托车的警示。

   In cities like mine, worse first, then perhaps better. Da Nang is swapping motorbikes for cars as people get richer, and one car takes the road space of five bikes, so the same number of people now makes far more traffic — that trend has years left to run. On the other side, remote work, delivery replacing shopping trips, and better public transport in the big cities all pull the other way, and some rich cities have actually seen traffic fall. Whether it gets worse depends on choices made now: build metros or build ring roads. My honest guess is a rough decade for growing Asian cities, and a slow improvement afterwards for the ones that plan for it.

   查看中文翻译

   在像我们这样的城市里,会先变差,然后也许才会变好一些。随着人们变得富裕,岘港正在用汽车取代摩托车,而一辆汽车占用的道路空间相当于五辆摩托车,所以同样数量的人现在制造出的交通量比以前多得多——而这个趋势还有好几年的发展空间。另一方面,远程办公、用外卖代替购物出行,以及大城市里更好的公共交通都在把情况往另一个方向拉,而一些富裕城市的交通量确实已经出现下降。情况是否会变差取决于现在做出的选择:是修建地铁,还是修建环城公路。我个人的猜测是,正在发展中的亚洲城市会经历大约十年的艰难期,之后那些为此提前规划的城市会慢慢好转。

   为什么是这个分数

   • FC“that trend has years left to run” — This dash-marked aside adds a forward-looking warning that neither lower band attempts, immediately following the statistic about cars and bikes. It signals the speaker's own judgement about the trend's momentum, not just a report of the fact.这句用破折号插入的补充说明,是两个低分数段都没有尝试的一种前瞻性警示,紧跟在关于汽车和摩托车的统计数据之后。它体现的是说话者自己对这个趋势走向的判断,而不只是陈述事实。
   • LR“swapping motorbikes for cars as people get richer” — 'Swapping' is a slightly more vivid, economical verb than a plainer paraphrase would give, capturing a one-for-one substitution rather than a general increase. It's shared with the lower bands, showing this particular phrase was already strong and simply carried through unchanged.'Swapping'是一个比一般的转述更生动、更经济的动词,抓住了一对一替代的意味,而不是笼统的增长。它和低分数段的版本相同,说明这个特定表达在早期就已经很有力,只是被直接沿用了下来。
   • GRA“one car takes the road space of five bikes, so the same number of people now makes far more traffic — that trend has years left to run” — This sentence adds a dash-marked consequence clause onto the structure already used at 7.0, extending it with a further evaluative aside. The added clause gives the statistic its own forward-looking conclusion within the same continuous sentence.这句话在7.0分已经使用的结构基础上又加了一个用破折号连接的结果分句,进一步用一句评价性的补充加以扩展。这个补充分句在同一个连续的句子里为这个统计数据加上了它自己的前瞻性结论。