General Training Reading 2023-09 Test 1

培训类

Mixed-source practice · 40 questions

基于考生回忆重建 — 非官方 IELTS 资料。音频和原文均为练习用途的重现版本。

Interesting Day Courses in your Area

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
A Photographing Wildlife
This workshop includes an introduction in the classroom, two photography sessions with specially arranged access to the zoo enclosures so that you can take natural-looking close-ups of the most exotic species, and the opportunity to review and discuss your images as a group.
B Drawing For Fun
You will learn some basic techniques using soft pencils and charcoal. These and different types of paper are provided. Just bring yourself and a willingness to 'have a go'. This is a start-up day so people who have already attended courses should not apply.
C Find Your Voice
You may feel you can't sing or you may be an established singer who wants to improve or gain confidence. You will be shown how to sing in tune, how to breathe correctly and how to project your voice. You may attend this course more than once and each time have a wonderful experience. Everyone can sing and it's great fun.
D Focus On Landscapes
This course is designed for students who are familiar with painting in watercolours, but are having difficulty with some techniques. We will discuss choice of materials, colour mixing and any other areas that may be raised. The day will start with a demonstration, followed by an opportunity to sketch outdoors. After a light lunch cooked in the studio, there will be a further practical session.
E Taking Happy Pictures
The main objective is to introduce you to the skills required to take good photographs of people at special events, such as parties or weddings. We will discuss camera settings, dealing with varied light or bad weather, and how to get a good atmosphere. Lunch is provided at a nearby hotel, followed by a practical session inside the studio.
F The Music Takeaway
Get some friends, family or colleagues together for your own music course in a venue of your choice, which could be your front room, basement or workplace. We send two guitar tutors to lead a one-day session for you in the style of music you prefer, such as rock, country, funk or blues.

Questions 1–7: Matching advertisements to statements

Look at the six advertisements, A-F below. For which course are the following statements true? Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.

  1. 1

    Participants can decide where the course is held.

  2. 2

    Different ability levels are welcome.

  3. 3

    All the necessary materials are supplied.

  4. 4

    Participants will be able to go where the public are not normally allowed.

  5. 5

    It is possible to repeat this course.

  6. 6

    You can select what to study from a range of options.

  7. 7

    The course will provide advice on how to overcome difficult conditions.

Learn to Skydive — Accelerated Freefall (AFF)

Accelerated Freefall (AFF) is an intensive skydiving course and you can experience freefall on your very first jump. We offer the AFF Level 1 course as a unique introduction to the world of parachuting and skydiving. It's great as a one-off freefall experience. However, the full eight-level Accelerated Freefall course is the best way to learn to skydive and attain your licence as a qualified parachutist, which allows you to jump at skydiving centres across the world.
The AFF Level 1 course begins with an intensive day of ground training. During the day, you will learn how your parachute equipment works and how to check and fit it, how to exit the aircraft, how to maintain the correct body position in the air, monitor your altitude and deploy your parachute and how to deal with emergencies. The day will finish with a written test. The training can be both mentally and physically tiring so you should stay overnight if you wish to do your first jump the next day. For safety reasons we require you to return and jump in less than a month after your training in order to complete the Level 1 course. When you come to do your jump you will receive refresher training before you board the aircraft. You will exit the aircraft with two AFF Level 1 instructors. They will provide in-air coaching as they fall alongside you, holding onto your harness. You will experience about one minute of freefall and deploy your own parachute, then fly and navigate for around five minutes before landing on the drop zone. Following this, you will meet your instructors to debrief the jump and collect your certificate. Shortly after you arrive home, you will receive an email link to the instructors' footage of your skydive to post online.
There are some restrictions for solo skydiving. The maximum acceptable weight is 95 kg fully clothed and a reasonable level of fitness is required. As far as age is concerned, the minimum is 16 and a parental signature of consent is required for students of 16-17 on three forms. Adults over 45 wishing to skydive must bring a completed Declaration of Fitness form signed and stamped by their doctor. Acceptance rests with the head instructor.

Questions 8–14: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text on page below? In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information, FALSE if the statement contradicts the information, NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

  1. 8

    After doing the AFF Level 1 course, people can skydive in different countries.

  2. 9

    The AFF Level 1 course takes more than one day to complete.

  3. 10

    Students must do their first jump within a certain period.

  4. 11

    Training continues after the student jumps out of the plane.

  5. 12

    During a first jump, an instructor will open the student's parachute.

  6. 13

    Instructors usually film the first jumps that the students make.

  7. 14

    Students will be divided into age groups when taking the course.

University Pathways

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
Shafston has established links with major Australian Universities. These arrangements provide international students who graduate with Shafston Diplomas an opportunity to continue their studies in related university bachelor degree programmes with, in many cases, a full of academic credit.
Shafston in association with Griffith University (GU)
An applicant who satisfies the entry requirements for a Shafston Diploma is guaranteed an offer of admission to a related Griffith University degree programme upon successful completion of the Shafston Diploma.
Letters of acceptance from both Shafston and Griffith University are issued upfront at the time of making an initial application to study, and Confirmations of Enrolment (CoE) for both institutions are granted once payment is received.
Only one student visa application is required for a full-packaged pathway.
Entry Process
Students should complete the Shafston application form for the chosen diploma and the Griffith University application for the Griffith degree. Both forms are sent to Shafston for processing academic transcripts from prior study is required.
Shafston will send the student or agent offer letters and invoices for both courses.
The student is required to pay tuition fees for only the first semester of the Shafston Diploma and related application fees.
Upon receiving confirmation of initial payment, Shafston will arrange for CoE’s for both courses to be sent to the student or agent.
The student must now submit his/her student visa application to cover the full programme and must begin preparations for study in Australia.
Shafshon to other Universities
Credit for studies completed at Shafston Institute of Technology and Shafston Nursing is accepted at universities throughout Australia. In addition to credit arrangements already detailed at Griffith University, it is possible to gain up to a full year of credit towards diplomas at other major Universities. In Brisbane, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and the Australian Catholic University (ACU) provide credit transfers for Business Diplomas completed at Shafston. The University of Queensland (UQ) also recognizes Shafston credit.
An example of credit transfer arrangements at this premier Australian university are outlined below.
Shafoston to The University of Queensland (UQ)
Features of the Shafton to The University of Queensland undergraduate credit transfer arrangement for Business:
Students who satisfactorily complete the Shafston Diploma in International Business (DIB) or Diploma in Business Information Systems (DBIS) course requirements and who satisfy the University of Queensland (UQ) Faculty of Business Economics & Law (BEL) entry requirements will be entitled to apply for credit.

Questions 15-20: Short answer

Read the information on the language institute on the following pages. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS to answer the following questions. Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.

  1. 15

    How much credit can students usually get on completion of a Shafston diploma?

  2. 16

    What is issued after tuition has been received by the respective institutions?

  3. 17

    Where should application forms be posted to?

  4. 18

    What should be attached to the application forms?

  5. 19

    Upon receiving a CoE, what can a student make an application for?

  6. 20

    Apart from GU, which three other universities can students transfer to?

Eastern Empire Furniture Specialists

The Liu family, founders of Eastern Empire Furniture, have their roots firmly placed in the People’s Republic of China and have over three generations of furniture trading in their bloodline. The Lius continue to add value to their generational relationship network and grow new strategic partnerships longevity and mutual prosperity.
Originally collectors and restorers of Chinese antique furniture and precious artefacts from the Ming and Qing dynasties, the family business has evolved to design and develop contemporary furniture.
What makes the Liu family’s design so compelling is that it draws on the simplicity and natural beauty of the Ming Dynasty to make each piece functional, alluring and a perfect compliment to modern living. This simplistic yet elegant design was preferred by intellectuals known as the Shi Da Fu during the Ming Dynasty.
During the Qing Dynasty, furniture became more complex and intricate in design and was embellished with gold, silver, jade, and ivory. Such furniture, which is heavier and bigger than that of the Ming Dynasty, aimed to please the emperor’s court, aristocrats and wealthy businessmen.
Two types of wood are used to represent the two dynasties. Firstly, Huang Hua Li (dalbergia odorifera), which is a member of the rosewood family, was granted by the emperor, who received it as a gift from other countries, to members of the imperial family or to those who were victorious in war. Secondly, Zitan (Pterocarpus), an extremely rare tropical hardwood of the Leguminosae family, could only be used by the imperial family as its deep purple colour was the colour reserved for the emperor.
Eastern Empire embraces the best of Eastern artistry and age old engineering practices while at the same time blending it with Western quality assurance and the ISO 9001 manufacturing processes. The Liu family invites you to meet the professional team of furniture specialists who would be more than happy to take you on a tour of the factory.

Questions 21-27: Sentence completion

Read the information on Eastern Empire Furniture Specialists on the following pages. Complete the sentences below by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

  1. 21

    The founding members of the company are of _________ heritage.

  2. 22

    To begin with family focused on accumulating and fixing _________.

  3. 23

    Straightforward and practical furniture appealed to _________.

  4. 24

    Furniture of the _________ was adorned with precious gems and metals.

  5. 25

    Those who were _________ in battle were allowed to use Huang Hua Li.

  6. 26

    Zitan is found _________ areas.

  7. 27

    You may inspect the premises with the _________.

Reading Passage 3 — Why Risks Can Go Wrong: Human intuition is a bad guide to handling risk

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
A. People make terrible decisions about the future. The evidence is all around, from their investments in the stock markets to the way they run their businesses. In fact, people are consistently bad at dealing with uncertainty, underestimating some kinds of risk and overestimating others. Surely there must be a better way than using intuition?
B. In the 1960s a young American research psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, became interested in people's inability to make logical decisions. That launched him on a career to show just how irrationally people behave in practice. When Kahneman and his colleagues first started work, the idea of applying psychological insights to economics and business decisions was seen as rather bizarre. But in the past decade the fields of behavioural finance and behavioural economics have blossomed, and in 2002 Kahneman shared a Nobel prize in economics for his work. Today he is in demand by business organizations and international banking companies. But, he says, there are plenty of institutions that still fail to understand the roots of their poor decisions. He claims that, far from being random, these mistakes are systematic and predictable.
C. One common cause of problems in decision-making is over-optimism. Ask most people about the future, and they will see too much blue sky ahead, even if past experience suggests otherwise. Surveys have shown that people's forecasts of future stock market movements are far more optimistic than past long-term returns would justify. The same goes for their hopes of ever-rising prices for their homes or doing well in games of chance. Such optimism can be useful for managers or sportsmen, and sometimes turns into a self-fulfilling prophecy. But most of the time it results in wasted effort and dashed hopes. Kahneman's work points to three types of overconfidence. First, people tend to exaggerate their own skill and prowess; in polls, far fewer than half the respondents admit to having below-average skills in, say, driving. Second, they overestimate the amount of control they have over the future, forgetting about luck and chalking up success solely to skill. And third, in competitive pursuits such as dealing on shares, they forget that they have to judge their skills against those of the competition.
D. Another source of wrong decisions is related to the decisive effect of the initial meeting, particularly in negotiations over money. This is referred to as the 'anchor effect'. Once a figure has been mentioned, it takes a strange hold over the human mind. The asking price quoted in a house sale, for example, tends to become accepted by all parties as the 'anchor' around which negotiations take place. Much the same goes for salary negotiations or mergers and acquisitions. If nobody has much information to go on, a figure can provide comfort – even though it may lead to a terrible mistake.
E. In addition, mistakes may arise due to stubbornness. No one likes to abandon a cherished belief, and the earlier a decision has been taken, the harder it is to abandon it. Drug companies must decide early to cancel a failing research project to avoid wasting money, but may find it difficult to admit they have made a mistake. In the same way, analysts may have become wedded early to a single explanation that coloured their perception. A fresh eye always helps.
F. People also tend to put a lot of emphasis on things they have seen and experienced themselves, which may not be the best guide to decision-making. For example, somebody may buy an overvalued share because a relative has made thousands on it, only to get his fingers burned. In finance, too much emphasis on information close at hand helps to explain the tendency by most investors to invest only within the country they live in. Even though they know that diversification is good for their portfolio, a large majority of both Americans and Europeans invest far too heavily in the shares of their home countries. They would be much better off spreading their risks more widely.
G. More information is helpful in making any decision but, says Kahneman, people spend proportionally too much time on small decisions and not enough on big ones. They need to adjust the balance. During the boom years, some companies put as much effort into planning their office party as into considering strategic mergers.
H. Finally, crying over spilled milk is not just a waste of time; it also often colours people's perceptions of the future. Some stock market investors trade far too frequently because they are chasing the returns on shares they wish they had bought earlier.
I. Kahneman reckons that some types of businesses are much better than others at dealing with risk. Pharmaceutical companies, which are accustomed to many failures and a few big successes in their drug-discovery programmes, are fairly rational about their risk-taking. But banks, he says, have a long way to go. They may take big risks on a few huge loans, but are extremely cautious about their much more numerous loans to small businesses, many of which may be less risky than the big ones. And the research has implications for governments too. They face a whole range of sometimes conflicting political pressures, which means they are even more likely to take irrational decisions.

Questions 28–33: Reading Passage 3 has nine paragraphs A–I. Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs B and D–H from the list of headings below.

List of headings i. Not identifying the correct priorities ii. A solution for the long term iii. The difficulty of changing your mind iv. Why looking back is unhelpful v. Strengthening inner resources vi. A successful approach to the study of decision-making vii. The danger of trusting a global market viii. Reluctance to go beyond the familiar ix. The need for more effective risk assessment x. Underestimating the difficulties ahead xi. The power of the first number

  1. 28

    Paragraph B

  2. 29

    Paragraph D

  3. 30

    Paragraph E

  4. 31

    Paragraph F

  5. 32

    Paragraph G

  6. 33

    Paragraph H

Questions 34–37: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.

  1. 34

    People initially found Kahneman's work unusual because he

    • A. saw mistakes as following predictable patterns.
    • B. was unaware of behavioural approaches.
    • C. dealt with irrational types of practice.
    • D. applied psychology to finance and economics.
  2. 35

    The writer mentions house-owners attitudes towards the value of their homes to illustrate that

    • A. past failures may destroy an optimistic attitude.
    • B. people tend to exaggerate their chances of success
    • C. optimism may be justified in certain circumstances.
    • D. people are influenced by the success of others.
  3. 36

    Stubbornness and inflexibility can cause problems when people

    • A. think their financial difficulties are just due to bad luck.
    • B. avoid seeking advice from experts and analysts.
    • C. refuse to invest in the early stages of a project.
    • D. are unwilling to give up unsuccessful activities or beliefs.
  4. 37

    Why do many Americans and Europeans fail to spread their financial risks when investing?

    • A. They feel safer dealing in a context which is close to home.
    • B. They do not understand the benefits of diversification.
    • C. They are over-influenced by the successes of their relatives.
    • D. They do not have sufficient knowledge of one another's countries.

Questions 38–40: Answer the questions below, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 38–40 on your answer sheet.

  1. 38

    Which two occupations may benefit from being over-optimistic?

  2. 39

    Which practical skill are many people over-confident about?

  3. 40

    Which type of business has a generally good attitude to dealing with uncertainty?

答题卡

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答案

  1. 1. F

    F says you can have the course 'in a venue of your choice, which could be your front room, basement or workplace,' so participants decide the location.

  2. 2. C

    C welcomes all levels: 'You may feel you can't sing or you may be an established singer who wants to improve,' so both beginners and experienced singers can join.

  3. 3. B

    B states 'These and different types of paper are provided. Just bring yourself,' so all materials are supplied.

  4. 4. A

    A offers 'specially arranged access to the zoo enclosures,' meaning participants go where the public usually cannot.

  5. 5. C

    C says 'You may attend this course more than once,' so repeating is possible.

  6. 6. F

    F lets you choose 'the style of music you prefer, such as rock, country, funk or blues,' so you can select what to study.

  7. 7. E

    E covers 'dealing with varied light or bad weather,' which are difficult conditions, so advice is provided.

  8. 8. FALSE

    The passage says only the full eight-level course gives you a licence to jump worldwide, not the Level 1 course, so this is FALSE.

  9. 9. TRUE

    Level 1 starts with a day of ground training, but the jump is done another day, so it takes more than one day.

  10. 10. TRUE

    It says you must 'return and jump in less than a month after your training,' so there is a time limit.

  11. 11. TRUE

    During the jump, 'two instructors...provide in-air coaching as they fall alongside you,' so training continues after exiting the plane.

  12. 12. FALSE

    You 'deploy your own parachute,' so the instructor does not open it for you; this is FALSE. The tempting wrong answer is TRUE, but the passage is clear you do it yourself.

  13. 13. TRUE

    After the jump, you get 'an email link to the instructors' footage of your skydive,' so instructors usually film the first jumps.

  14. 14. NOT GIVEN

    There is no information about dividing students into age groups, so NOT GIVEN is correct.

  15. 15. a (full) year / one (full) year

    It says 'it is possible to gain up to a full year of credit towards diplomas at other major Universities,' so the answer is a full year.

  16. 16. CoE / Confirmation of Enrolment

    'Shafston will arrange for CoE’s for both courses to be sent...upon receiving confirmation of initial payment,' so CoE (Confirmation of Enrolment) is issued after payment.

  17. 17. Shafston

    'Both forms are sent to Shafston for processing,' so application forms go to Shafston.

  18. 18. academic transcripts

    'Academic transcripts from prior study is required,' so these must be attached to the forms.

  19. 19. a (student) visa

    'The student must now submit his/her student visa application,' so after receiving a CoE, you apply for a student visa.

  20. 20. ACU/QUT/UQ

    It lists 'Queensland University of Technology (QUT),' 'Australian Catholic University (ACU),' and 'University of Queensland (UQ)' as universities for credit transfer, so these are the three.

  21. 21. Chinese

    The Liu family are 'founders...with their roots firmly placed in the People’s Republic of China,' so their heritage is Chinese.

  22. 22. furniture and artefacts

    They were 'collectors and restorers of Chinese antique furniture and precious artefacts,' so the answer is furniture and artefacts.

  23. 23. intellectuals / Shi Da Fu

    'This simplistic yet elegant design was preferred by intellectuals known as the Shi Da Fu,' so straightforward furniture appealed to intellectuals / Shi Da Fu.

  24. 24. Qing Dynasty

    'During the Qing Dynasty, furniture became more complex...embellished with gold, silver, jade, and ivory,' so Qing Dynasty is correct.

  25. 25. victorious

    Huang Hua Li 'was granted...to those who were victorious in war,' so the answer is victorious.

  26. 26. in tropical

    Zitan is described as 'an extremely rare tropical hardwood,' so it is found in tropical areas.

  27. 27. professional team / furniture specialists

    You are invited to tour the factory with 'the professional team of furniture specialists,' so that's the answer.

  28. 28. vi

    Paragraph B is about Kahneman's background and the start of his work, matching heading vi (Kahneman’s background and early work).

  29. 29. ix

    Paragraph D discusses the 'anchor effect' in negotiations, matching heading ix (The influence of initial figures in negotiations).

  30. 30. iii

    Paragraph E is about stubbornness and not abandoning beliefs, matching heading iii (The difficulty of changing a decision).

  31. 31. viii

    Paragraph F talks about people focusing on what they know and investing locally, matching heading viii (The influence of personal experience).

  32. 32. i

    Paragraph G says people spend too much time on small decisions, matching heading i (The need to focus on important decisions).

  33. 33. iv

    Paragraph H discusses regret and how it affects future decisions, matching heading iv (The effect of past losses on future decisions).

  34. 34. D

    D is correct because it says 'the idea of applying psychological insights to economics and business decisions was seen as rather bizarre,' so applying psychology to finance and economics was unusual. The tempting wrong answer A fails because it is about predictable mistakes, but the passage says the unusual part was the application of psychology, not the predictability.

  35. 35. B

    B is correct because it says people are over-optimistic about house prices, showing they exaggerate their chances of success. Option C is tempting but the passage says optimism is usually unjustified.

  36. 36. D

    D is correct because Paragraph E says it's hard to abandon a belief or project, so people are unwilling to give up unsuccessful activities or beliefs. The tempting wrong answer A fails because the passage does not mention blaming luck for financial problems here.

  37. 37. A

    A is correct because it says investors 'invest only within the country they live in' due to emphasis on information close at hand, meaning they feel safer with familiar contexts. B is wrong because the passage says they know diversification is good.

  38. 38. managers and sportsmen

    The passage says 'Such optimism can be useful for managers or sportsmen,' so these two occupations may benefit from being over-optimistic.

  39. 39. driving

    It says 'far fewer than half the respondents admit to having below-average skills in, say, driving,' so many people are over-confident about driving.

  40. 40. pharmaceutical (companies)

    It says 'Pharmaceutical companies...are fairly rational about their risk-taking,' so pharmaceutical companies have a good attitude to uncertainty.

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General Training Reading 2023-09 Test 1 — IELTS General Training Reading Practice Test with Answers | Ieltsa