雅思学术类阅读真题 — 2025年7月 第1套

Mixed-source practice · 40 questions

本套包含

基于考生回忆重建 — 非官方 IELTS 资料。音频和原文均为练习用途的重现版本。

Reading Passage 1 — Scientists Are Mapping the World's Largest Volcano

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
Scientists Are Mapping the World's Largest Volcano
(A) After 36 days of battling sharks that kept biting their equipment, scientists have returned from the remote Pacific Ocean with a new way of looking at the world’s largest - and possibly most mysterious - volcano, Tamu Massif.
(B) The team has begun making 3-D maps that offer the clearest look yet at the underwater mountain, which covers an area the size of New Mexico. In the coming months, the maps will be refined and the data analyzed, with the ultimate goal of figuring out how the mountain was formed.
(C) It's possible that the western edge of Tamu Massif is actually a separate mountain that formed at a different time, says William Sager, a geologist at the University of Houston who led the expedition. That would explain some differences between the western part of the mountain and the main body.
(D) The team also found that the massif (as such a massive mountain is known) is highly pockmarked with craters and cliffs. Magnetic analysis provides some insight into the mountain’s genesis, suggesting that part of it formed through steady releases of lava along the intersection of three mid-ocean ridges, while part of it is harder to explain. A working theory is that a large plume of hot mantle rock may have contributed additional heat and material, a fairly novel idea.
(E) Tamu Massif lies about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) east of Japan. It is a rounded dome, or shield volcano, measuring 280 by 400 miles (450 by 650 kilometers). Its top lies more than a mile (about 2,000 meters) below the ocean surface and is 50 times larger than the biggest active volcano on Earth, Hawaii’s Mauna Loa. Sager published a paper in 2013 that said the main rise of Tamu Massif is most likely a single volcano, instead of a complex of multiple volcanoes that smashed together. But he couldn’t explain how something so big formed.
(F) The team used sonar and magnetometers (which measure magnetic fields) to map more than a million square kilometers of the ocean floor in great detail. Sager and students teamed up with Masao Nakanishi of Japan’s Chiba University, with Sager receiving funding support from the National Geographic Society and the Schmidt Ocean Institute.
(G) Since sharks are attracted to magnetic fields, the toothy fish “were all over our magnetometer, and it got pretty chomped up,” says Sager. When the team replaced the device with a spare, that unit was nearly ripped off by more sharks. The magnetic field research suggests the mountain formed relatively quickly, sometime around 145 million years ago. Part of the volcano sports magnetic "stripes," or bands with different magnetic properties, suggesting that lava flowed out evenly from the mid-ocean ridges over time and changed in polarity each time Earth's magnetic field reversed direction. The central part of the peak is more jumbled, so it may have formed more quickly or through a different process.
(H) Sager isn’t sure what caused the magnetic anomalies yet, but suspects more complex forces were at work than simply eruptions from the ridges. It’s possible a deep plume of hot rock from the mantle also contributed to the volcano’s formation, he says. Sager hopes the analysis will also help explain about a dozen other similar features on the ocean floor, as well as add to the overall understanding of plate tectonics.

Questions 1–8: Paragraph Matching

Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs, A–H. What paragraph has the following information? Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet.

  1. 1

    Possible explanation of the differences between parts of the mountain

  2. 2

    Size data

  3. 3

    A new way of looking

  4. 4

    Problem with sharks

  5. 5

    Uncertainty of the anomalies

  6. 6

    Equipment which measures magnetic fields

  7. 7

    The start of making maps

  8. 8

    A working theory

Questions 9–12: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage. Write your answers in boxes 9–12 on your answer sheet.

9. A large plume of __________ rock may have contributed additional heat and material.
10. Tamu Massif is a __________ , or shield volcano.
11. Replacing the device with a __________ didn't help, as that unit was nearly ripped off by more sharks.
12. Sager believes that the magnetic anomalies were caused by something more than __________ from the ridges.

Reading Passage 2 — The science of sleep

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
We spend a third of our lives doing it. Napoleon, Florence Nightingale and Margaret Thatcher got by on four hours a night. Thomas Edison claimed it was waste of time.
So why do we sleep? This is a question that has baffled scientists for centuries and the answer is, no one is really sure. Some believe that sleep gives the body a chance to recuperate from the day's activities but in reality, the amount of energy saved by sleeping for even eight hours is miniscule - about 50 kCal, the same amount of energy in a piece of toast.
With continued lack of sufficient sleep, the part of the brain that controls language, memory, planning and sense of time is severely affected, practically shutting down. In fact, 17 hours of sustained wakefulness leads to a decrease in performance equivalent to a blood alcohol level of 0.05% (two glasses of wine). This is the legal drink driving limit in the UK.
Research also shows that sleep-deprived individuals often have difficulty in responding to rapidly changing situations and making rational judgements. In real life situations, the consequences are grave and lack of sleep is said to have been be a contributory factor to a number of international disasters such as Exxon Valdez, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and the Challenger shuttle explosion.
Sleep deprivation not only has a major impact on cognitive functioning but also on emotional and physical health. Disorders such as sleep apnoea which result in excessive daytime sleepiness have been linked to stress and high blood pressure. Research has also suggested that sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity because chemicals and hormones that play a key role in controlling appetite and weight gain are released during sleep.
What happens when we sleep?
What happens every time we get a bit of shut eye? Sleep occurs in a recurring cycle of 90 to 110 minutes and is divided into two categories: non-REM (which is further split into four stages) and REM sleep.
Non-REM sleep
Stage one: Light Sleep
During the first stage of sleep, we're half awake and half asleep. Our muscle activity slows down and slight twitching may occur. This is a period of light sleep, meaning we can be awakened easily at this stage.
Stage two: True Sleep
Within ten minutes of light sleep, we enter stage two, which lasts around 20 minutes. The breathing pattern and heart rate start to slow down. This period accounts for the largest part of human sleep.
Stages three and four: Deep Sleep
During stage three, the brain begins to produce delta waves, a type of wave that is large (high amplitude) and slow (low frequency). Breathing and heart rate are at their lowest levels. Stage four is characterised by rhythmic breathing and limited muscle activity. If we are awakened during deep sleep we do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes after waking up. Some children experience bed-wetting, night terrors, or sleepwalking during this stage.
REM sleep
The first rapid eye movement (REM) period usually begins about 70 to 90 minutes after we fall asleep. We have around three to five REM episodes a night.
Although we are not conscious, the brain is very active - often more so than when we are awake. This is the period when most dreams occur. Our eyes dart around (hence the name), our breathing rate and blood pressure rise. However, our bodies are effectively paralysed, said to be nature's way of preventing us from acting out our dreams.
After REM sleep, the whole cycle begins again.
How much sleep is required?
There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from person to person. Results from the sleep profiler indicate that people like to sleep anywhere between 5 and 11 hours, with the average being 7.75 hours.
Jim Horne from Loughborough University's Sleep Research Centre has a simple answer though: "The amount of sleep we require is what we need not to be sleepy in the daytime."
Even animals require varied amounts of sleep:
Species Average total sleep time per day
Python 18 hrs
Tiger 15.8 hrs
Cat 12.1 hrs
Chimpanzee 9.7 hrs
Sheep 3.8 hrs
African elephant 3.3 hrs
Giraffe 1.9 hr
The current world record for the longest period without sleep is 11 days, set by Randy Gardner in 1965. Four days into the research, he began hallucinating. This was followed by a delusion where he thought he was a famous footballer. Surprisingly, Randy was actually functioning quite well at the end of his research and he could still beat the scientist at pinball.

Questions 13–20: True/False/Not Given

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 13–20 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information, FALSE if the statement contradicts the information, NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

  1. 13

    Thomas Edison slept 4 hours a night.

  2. 14

    Scientists don't have a certain answer for why we have to sleep.

  3. 15

    Lack of sleep might cause various problems.

  4. 16

    Sleep-deprivation may be the cause of anorexia.

  5. 17

    There are four stages of the REM sleep.

  6. 18

    According to Jim Horne, we need to sleep as much as it takes to not be sleepy during the day.

  7. 19

    Giraffes require less sleep than dogs.

  8. 20

    After four sleepless days, Randy had a delusion about him being a football celebrity.

Questions 21–25: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 21–25 on your answer sheet.

  1. 21

    During the Light Sleep stage:

    • A. Muscle activity increases
    • B. Jiggling might occur
    • C. It is not easy to be woken up
    • D. After waking up, one may experience slight disorientation
  2. 22

    Heart rate is at the lowest level during:

    • A. Light Sleep stage
    • B. Rem Sleep
    • C. True Sleep stage
    • D. Third Sleep stage
  3. 23

    The brain activity is really high:

    • A. During REM sleep
    • B. During the stage of True Sleep
    • C. When we are awake
    • D. During the Deep sleep stage
  4. 24

    Humans require at least:

    • A. 7.75 hours of sleep
    • B. 5 hours of sleep
    • C. 8 hours
    • D. There is no set amount of time
  5. 25

    Pythons need:

    • A. Less sleep than tigers
    • B. Twice as much sleep as cats
    • C. Almost ten times more sleep than giraffes
    • D. More sleep than any other animal in the world

Questions 26–28: Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 26–28 on your answer sheet.

28. If we continually lack sleep, the specific part of our brain that controls language, is ___________ .
29. True Sleep lasts approximately ___________ .
30. Although during REM sleep our breathing rate and blood pressure rise, our bodies ___________ .
  1. 26

    If we continually lack sleep, the specific part of our brain that controls language, is ___________ .

  2. 27

    True Sleep lasts approximately ___________ .

Reading Passage 3 — The Truth About ART

Rebuilt from test-taker recalls — not official IELTS material.
Modern art has had something of a bad press recently - or, to be more precise, it has always had a bad press in certain newspapers and amongst certain sectors of the public. In the public mind, it seems, art (that is, graphic art - pictures - and spatial art - sculpture) is divided into two broad categories. The first is 'classic' art, by which is meant representational painting, drawing and sculpture; the second is 'modern' art, also known as abstract or non-representational. British popular taste runs decidedly in favour of the former, if one believes a recent survey conducted by Charlie Moore, owner of the Loft Gallery and Workshops in Kent, and one of Britain's most influential artistic commentators. He found that the man (or woman) in the street has a distrust of cubism, abstracts, sculptures made of bricks and all types of so-called 'found' art, He likes Turner and Constable, the great representatives of British watercolour and oil painting respectively, or the French Impressionists, and his taste for statues is limited to the realistic figures of the great and good that litter the British landscape - Robin Hood in Nottingham and Oliver Cromwell outside the Houses of Parliament. This everyman does not believe in primary colours, abstraction and geometry in nature - the most common comment is that such-and-such a painting is "something a child could have done".
Lewis Williams, director of the Beaconsfield Galleries in Hampshire, which specialises in modern painting, agrees. "Look around you at what art is available every day," he says. "Our great museums and galleries specialise in work which is designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator. It may be representational, it may be 'realistic' in one sense, but a lot of it wouldn't make it into the great European galleries. Britain has had maybe two or three major world painters in the last 1000 years, so we make up the space with a lot of second-rate material."
Williams believes that our ignorance of what modern art is has been caused by this lack of exposure to truly great art. He compares the experience of the average British city-dweller with that of a citizen of Italy, France or Spain.
"Of course, we don't appreciate any kind of art in the same way because of the paucity of good art in Britain. We don't have galleries of the quality of those in Madrid, Paris, Versailles, Florence, New York or even some places in Russia. We distrust good art - by which I mean both modern and traditional artistic forms - because we don't have enough of it to learn about it. In other countries, people are surrounded by it from birth. Indeed they take it as a birthright, and are proud of it. The British tend to be suspicious of it. It's not valued here."
Not everyone agrees. Emily Cope, who runs the Osborne Art House, believes that while the British do not have the same history of artistic experience as many European countries, their senses are as finely attuned to art as anyone else's.
"Look at what sells - in the great art auction houses, in greetings cards, in posters. Look at what's going on in local amateur art classes up and down the country. Of course, the British are not the same as other countries, but that's true of all nationalities. The French artistic experience and outlook is not the same as the Italian. In Britain, we have artistic influences from all over the world. There's the Irish, Welsh, and Scottish influences, as well as Caribbean, African and European. We also have strong links with the Far East, in particular the Indian subcontinent. All these influences come to bear in creating a British artistic outlook. There's this tendency to say that British people only want garish pictures of clowns crying or ships sailing into battle, and that anything new or different is misunderstood. That's not my experience at all. The British public is poorly educated in art, but that's not the same as being uninterested in it."
Cope points to Britain's long tradition of visionary artists such as William Blake, the London engraver and poet who died in 1827. Artists like Blake tended to be one-offs rather than members of a school, and their work is diverse and often word-based so it is difficult to export.
Perhaps, as ever, the truth is somewhere in between these two opinions. It is true that visits to traditional galleries like the National and the National Portrait Gallery outnumber attendance at more modern shows, but this is the case in every country except Spain, perhaps because of the influence of the two most famous non-traditional Spanish painters of the 20th century, Picasso and Dali. However, what is also true is that Britain has produced a long line of individual artists with unique, almost unclassifiable styles such as Blake, Samuel Palmer and Henry Moore.

Questions 29–37: Matching Statements to People

Classify the following statements as referring to A Charlie Moore, B Lewis Williams, C Emily Cope. Write the appropriate letters A, B or C in boxes 29-37 on your answer sheet.

  1. 29

    British people don't appreciate art because they don't see enough art around them all the time.

  2. 30

    British museums aim to appeal to popular tastes in art.

  3. 31

    The average Englishman likes the works of Turner and Constable.

  4. 32

    Britain, like every other country, has its own view of what art is.

  5. 33

    In Britain, interest in art is mainly limited to traditional forms such as representational painting.

  6. 34

    British art has always been affected by other cultures.

  7. 35

    Galleries in other countries are of better quality than those in Britain.

  8. 36

    People are not raised to appreciate art.

  9. 37

    The British have a limited knowledge of art.

Questions 38–40: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.

  1. 38

    Many British artists

    • A. are engravers or poets
    • B. are great but liked only in Britain
    • C. do not belong to a school or general trend
    • D. are influenced by Picasso and Dali
  2. 39

    Classic' art can be described as

    • A. sentimental, realistic paintings with geometric shapes
    • B. realistic paintings with primary colours
    • C. abstract modern paintings and sculptures
    • D. realistic, representational pictures and sculptures
  3. 40

    In Spain, people probably enjoy modern art because

    • A. their artists have a classifiable style
    • B. the most renowned modern artists are Spanish
    • C. they attend many modern exhibitions
    • D. they have different opinions on art

答题卡

边做边填 — 即时本地判分，所有错题自动记录到错题本，并附带对应讲解。

  1. 1.
  2. 2.
  3. 3.
  4. 4.
  5. 5.
  6. 6.
  7. 7.
  8. 8.
  9. 9.
  10. 10.
  11. 11.
  12. 12.
  13. 13.
  14. 14.
  15. 15.
  16. 16.
  17. 17.
  18. 18.
  19. 19.
  20. 20.
  21. 21.
  22. 22.
  23. 23.
  24. 24.
  25. 25.
  26. 26.
  27. 27.
  28. 28.
  29. 29.
  30. 30.
  31. 31.
  32. 32.
  33. 33.
  34. 34.
  35. 35.
  36. 36.
  37. 37.
  38. 38.
  39. 39.
  40. 40.
数据保存在本设备 — 无需账号。如需同步进度，请在进度页登录。
显示答案

答案

  1. 1. C

    C is correct because it explains that the western edge of Tamu Massif might be a separate mountain, which would explain differences between the western part and the main body.

  2. 2. E

    E is correct because it gives size data: Tamu Massif is 280 by 400 miles and covers an area the size of New Mexico.

  3. 3. A

    A is correct because it describes how scientists returned with a new way of looking at the volcano after their expedition.

  4. 4. G

    G is correct because it describes how sharks were attracted to the magnetometer and damaged it.

  5. 5. H

    H is correct because it says Sager isn't sure what caused the magnetic anomalies yet, showing uncertainty.

  6. 6. F

    F is correct because it mentions the use of magnetometers, which measure magnetic fields, to map the ocean floor.

  7. 7. B

    B is correct because it says the team has begun making 3-D maps, showing the start of mapping.

  8. 8. D

    D is correct because it mentions a working theory that a large plume of hot mantle rock may have contributed to the volcano's formation.

  9. 9. Hot mantle

    The answer is 'hot mantle' because the passage says a large plume of hot mantle rock may have contributed additional heat and material.

  10. 10. Rounded dome

    The answer is 'rounded dome' because the passage says Tamu Massif is a rounded dome, or shield volcano.

  11. 11. Spare

    The answer is 'spare' because when the team replaced the device with a spare, it was nearly ripped off by more sharks.

  12. 12. Simply eruptions

    The answer is 'simply eruptions' because Sager believes more complex forces than simply eruptions from the ridges caused the anomalies.

  13. 13. Not Given

    Not Given is correct because the passage says Thomas Edison claimed sleep was a waste of time, but does not say how many hours he slept.

  14. 14. True

    True is correct as the passage says, 'no one is really sure' why we sleep, showing scientists don't have a certain answer.

  15. 15. True

    True is correct because the passage lists many problems caused by lack of sleep, such as cognitive, emotional, and physical health issues.

  16. 16. False

    False is correct because the passage says sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity, not anorexia.

  17. 17. False

    False is correct as the passage says non-REM sleep is split into four stages, but REM sleep is not divided into stages.

  18. 18. True

    True is correct because Jim Horne says, 'The amount of sleep we require is what we need not to be sleepy in the daytime.'

  19. 19. Not Given

    Not Given is correct because the passage does not mention how much sleep dogs require, so we cannot compare them to giraffes.

  20. 20. True

    True is correct as the passage says after four days without sleep, Randy 'began hallucinating' and had a 'delusion where he thought he was a famous footballer.'

  21. 21. B

    Option B is correct because during Light Sleep, 'slight twitching may occur,' which means jiggling might happen. Option A is wrong because muscle activity slows, not increases.

  22. 22. D

    Option D is correct because during the third sleep stage, 'breathing and heart rate are at their lowest levels.'

  23. 23. A

    Option A is correct as the passage says during REM sleep, 'the brain is very active - often more so than when we are awake.'

  24. 24. D

    Option D is correct because the passage says, 'There is no set amount of time that everyone needs to sleep, since it varies from person to person.'

  25. 25. C

    Option C is correct because pythons sleep 18 hours and giraffes only 1.9 hours, which is almost ten times more.

  26. 26. practically shutting down

    'Practically shutting down' is correct because the passage says with lack of sleep, the part of the brain that controls language is 'practically shutting down.'

  27. 27. 20 minutes

    '20 minutes' is correct as the passage says stage two, True Sleep, 'lasts around 20 minutes.'

  28. 28. are paralysed / are effectively paralysed

    'Are paralysed / are effectively paralysed' is correct because the passage says during REM sleep, 'our bodies are effectively paralysed.'

  29. 29. B

    Williams argues that British people don't appreciate art because they 'don't have enough of it to learn about it,' meaning they don't see enough art around them.

  30. 30. B

    Williams says museums 'specialise in work which is designed to appeal to the lowest common denominator,' meaning they aim to appeal to popular tastes.

  31. 31. A

    The passage says the average Englishman likes 'Turner and Constable,' showing this is true.

  32. 32. C

    Cope says every country has its own artistic outlook, so Britain, like others, has its own view of art.

  33. 33. A

    The passage describes the average Englishman as preferring traditional forms like representational painting.

  34. 34. C

    Cope mentions that British art has influences from many cultures, showing it has always been affected by others.

  35. 35. B

    Williams says Britain doesn't have galleries of the same quality as those in other countries, so galleries elsewhere are better.

  36. 36. B

    Williams argues that people in Britain are not surrounded by art from birth, so they are not raised to appreciate it.

  37. 37. C

    Cope says the British public is 'poorly educated in art,' meaning they have limited knowledge of art.

  38. 38. C

    Cope points out that British artists like Blake 'tended to be one-offs rather than members of a school,' so many do not belong to a general trend.

  39. 39. D

    'Classic' art is described as 'representational painting, drawing and sculpture,' so the answer is D: realistic, representational pictures and sculptures.

  40. 40. B

    The passage says Spain is an exception because of 'the influence of the two most famous non-traditional Spanish painters of the 20th century, Picasso and Dali,' so the answer is B.

想要完整的限时体验？试试免费的完整模拟考试——真实考生回忆的考题，真实机考界面。

开始模拟考试 →