Listening 2026-05 Test 4

==================== IELTS Listening Transcript ==================== PART 1 Speaker 0: You will hear a number of different recordings, and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions, and you will have a chance to check your work. All the recordings will be played once only. The test is in four sections. Write all your answers in the listening question booklet. At the end of the test, you will be given ten minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to section one on page two of your question booklet. Section one. You'll hear a student phoning a student careers office about a job at a holiday resort. First, you have some time to look at questions one to six on page two. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first. Speaker 1: Hello. I saw an advert for holiday staff on the notice board, and I'm very interested. Can you tell me something about the resort? Speaker 2: Let me see. Yes. Those jobs are at the Sandy Shores Resort. You may have heard of it as it's quite well known in the area. Speaker 0: The name of the resort is Sandy Shores. So Sandy has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions one to six. Speaker 1: Hello. I saw an advert for holiday staff on the notice board, and I'm very interested. Can you tell me something about the resort? Speaker 2: Let me see. Yes. Those jobs are at the Sandy Shores Resort. You may have heard of it as it's quite well known in the area. Speaker 1: I'm not sure. Where exactly is it? Speaker 2: It's on Jameson Island. Speaker 1: I haven't heard of that one. How do you spell it? Speaker 2: J A M E S O N. It was named after a famous explorer. Speaker 1: Oh, sounds interesting. Speaker 2: Yes. It's a beautiful place. And as it's a large resort, they have vacancies in a few different areas. Speaker 1: When would they want someone to start? Speaker 2: It looks like the applications close by the May 12, and they would need you to begin from the July 11. Speaker 1: Oh, that's perfect. My exams finish on the July 5. Can you tell me something about the jobs? Speaker 2: Well, first of all, there is a vacancy in the Calypso Bistro. That's for a waiter. The work is quite easy, taking orders and serving meals. You don't need any experience as they will train you. Speaker 1: That's good. Speaker 2: They've also got a few vacancies in what is called the guest liaison department. They are involved with the entertainment in the resort, especially the daily music shows and parades. They definitely need people who can sing. What's your voice like? Speaker 1: It's shocking. But I can play piano. Would that be useful? Speaker 2: I don't think so. They already have a band. Speaker 1: Okay. So what else is there? Speaker 2: Among the most popular things for guests are the games and water sports activities, which take place on the beach that belongs to the resort. They are always looking for fit young people to help out with things like volleyball, surfing, and cricket, but they definitely need people who have worked with children for that vacancy. Speaker 1: Well, I coach junior basketball. Speaker 2: Sounds great. Finally, there are vacancies in the reception area. You'd work as part of the concierge department, carrying bags to and from rooms. A requirement for this role is that you can drive. That might seem strange, but some of the villas are quite far away from the resort hub, so they have little golf buggies to take the bags over to them. Speaker 0: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions seven to 10 on page two. Now listen and answer questions seven to 10. Speaker 2: I expect you'd like to know a bit more about the general benefits for staff. Speaker 1: Yes, please. Do they provide free accommodation for staff? Speaker 2: It looks like they only provide it to permanent employees, but staff don't have to pay for transport to and from the island. So you'd have to stay in Port Thomas, but there are plenty of cheap places there. Speaker 1: What about meals? Speaker 2: Yes. They're provided when you're on duty, so you would save money on groceries. If you are interested, we can set up an interview for you. I know the resort personnel manager wants interviews on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday here at the college. Speaker 1: Which day would suit you? Can we do it on Thursday as I work on Wednesdays? Speaker 2: Fine. Is 2:00 okay? Speaker 1: Perfect. Speaker 2: Okay. I've booked you in for then. Is there anything I need to take to the interview? Speaker 2: Let me see. Yes. You need to bring a CV giving details of your work experience and qualifications. And because they are planning on interviewing a lot of people, they've asked everyone to provide a photo as well so they can remember who is who. Do you have any questions? Speaker 0: That is the end of section one. You now have half a minute to check your answers. Now turn to section two on page three. PART 2 Speaker 0: Section two. You will hear an instructor at a sports center talking to visitors at an open day. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16 on page three. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16. Speaker 3: Good morning. We're delighted to see so many local residents here today at the open day at Bexter Sports Centre. We're looking forward to showing you round, and if there's anything I haven't covered, just get hold of me when we have a break in the cafe at 11:00. At the moment, we're also celebrating the completion of a purpose built dance studio where you'll see a lesson in progress. You'll also see the kids club class in the swimming pool and get the chance to talk to some of our instructors. We have a range of sports facilities, so there's something for everybody. I've already mentioned the kids club. That's Saturdays and Sundays only, and children must be accompanied by a responsible adult. Weekday evenings, we have the highest throughput as a lot of people come straight from work for an hour or two. And, of course, the students at the local college tend to pop in any time Monday to Friday whenever they've got a gap between lectures. We organize a wide range of classes from yoga to boxing, and classes are best booked for a term. That's 10 classes. You can pay by debit card, and we give you vouchers, which you just hand in to the instructor. We do accept credit card payments, but I'm afraid we have to charge a fee for that. Or if you prefer, you can turn up and pay cash on the day, but you'll find you save money when you book for a term up front. All the information about our classes is on our website. There are profiles of our instructors too, and you'll see we've recently won a sports award for the standard of the work they do. The guidance they give was highlighted in the award ceremony. If you like what you see here today, you can join now for a membership fee of £20 a month. To tempt you further, if you're a football fan, we've got 30 tickets for the cup final, and you'd be welcome to come along. The coach is free, so it's just the cost of the ticket. But best of all, just today, we're able to offer to people who join completely free an hour with a personal trainer. And finally, a word of warning. A lot of people who join gyms or sports centers give up after a couple of months. At first, they clearly feel better, look better, etcetera, but then the motivation wears off. They start making excuses like they're too busy at work, but it's usually because they joined on their own. So outside the club, there's no one to compare notes with. Don't let that happen to you. Speaker 0: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20 on page four. Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20. Speaker 3: Now to get the most out of sports activities, make sure you do a range of activities. Generally speaking, it's a good idea to start with the general training classes, where you'll start by working on strengthening your lower limbs. You'll immediately feel the benefits in your day to day life. Then make sure you're building up your strength. Do some light weight training. You'll be surprised how much that increases your ability to stay mentally focused, and that's outside the gym too. Make sure you do our aerobics class. This will give you a really intensive workout and really get your heart pumping. It's the perfect way to release all the tension that's built up during the day. Finally, at least once a week, play a sport such as squash so that your agility improves. This is very good for developing quick responses. You literally think on your feet. It's recommended that you follow this program for about six weeks and then reassess your fitness levels. Speaker 0: That is the end of section two. You now have half a minute to check your answers. Now turn to section three. PART 3 Speaker 4: Section three. You will hear two sports physiotherapy students called John and Kath preparing a joint presentation on foot injuries in sports players. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26 on page four. And answer questions 21 to 26. Speaker 5: I've had a look at your draft presentation plan and compared it with mine, Kath, and we seem to have the same basic structure. We've both included the same three main sections, that's the anatomy of the foot, the injuries, and the treatment, and we've organised our presentations in the same way. But the types of sports we've chosen to illustrate the possible injuries aren't the same. I'll deal with the anatomy bit. I've got notes and a handout on that from Professor Gilligan's lecture. Speaker 6: Oh, I was hoping to do that. I've downloaded some useful stuff. Speaker 5: I do think we should limit this section though. We don't want to spend much time on anatomy when the main focus is on the treatment. Speaker 6: That's true, but in the last section, maybe the two of us could show how some of these therapies actually work. I could be the patient and you could do the treatment. Speaker 5: Good idea, because it's hard to find pictures as injuries are mostly internal. It would be good to hear some first hand accounts from injured athletes too. Speaker 6: Yeah, but we don't have time. Speaker 5: No. Should we then discuss different types of heel injury? It's worth pointing out that these vary enormously in how bad they are. It might be just a pulled muscle or a bone injury which needs surgery. Sometimes only an expert can tell the difference. Speaker 6: Excellent. I'll do the slides on that. Leave that one to me. Speaker 5: Now what about causes of heel injuries? Speaker 6: Well, it's easy enough to list them. Overuse, improper footwear... Speaker 5: Yes. Speaker 6: Incorrect running style. They're all relevant. But for simplicity, let's just pick one cause. Say, stuff about changing your training habit suddenly. Speaker 5: You mean, like, suddenly doing a lot of mountain training? Speaker 6: Yes. That's a good idea. Speaker 5: And there was research on that in the latest edition of physio journal, wasn't there? Professor Gilligan recommended it to us. Speaker 6: Great. You can leave the bit on stretching techniques to me. I really like all that stuff. Speaker 5: So what's going to be your approach there? Speaker 6: Well, I'll summarize all the various techniques with visual support, and then I'll make the point that the stretching should be carefully managed. Obviously, you have to be careful not to overstretch and to stretch only when your muscles are warmed up. Otherwise, you could do yourself more harm than good. It's also important that on a supervised program, stretching is later on combined with balance exercises, which stretch and also strengthen the muscles. Speaker 5: Okay then. Speaker 4: Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30 on page five. Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30. Speaker 5: It's always useful to have some information on case studies at the end, in case we're short of material. Speaker 6: Mhmm. Did you manage to find anything? Speaker 5: Yes. Speaker 6: A female runner in her thirties talking about her treatment for a swollen heel. Initially, she rested the injury. This did help to reduce the swelling, although it was still a little bit uncomfortable. Then she applied an ice pack to the injury twice a day. Speaker 5: Did that work? Speaker 6: Well, she persisted with this treatment for the first month, but decided it wasn't helping. After this period, she was shown how to use deep tissue massage techniques, and was surprised at how much freedom of movement this created in her foot. Speaker 5: Wasn't she having ultrasound treatment? Speaker 6: Yes. She was having sessions at the hospital, but she remained unconvinced about its value. She felt the same about the balancing exercises she was prescribed. Speaker 5: Okay. That's interesting. I looked at the aftercare programme of a male sprinter who was allowed to do some sports activity as part of his rehabilitation. After four months of treatment, he did some light running on grass wearing shoes that gave plenty of support to his injured heel. Speaker 6: So it didn't hurt? Speaker 5: Well, he found the heel was sore afterwards, and the same happened with some jumping exercises he was asked to try. Speaker 6: Did he go to the gym and use weights? Speaker 5: Yes. After a few weeks. And if he used light weights, he could train without pain. He also tried cycling and found this beneficial as his foot was not making contact with the ground. He expected a similar result with swimming, but found the repetitive kicking motion was actually aggravating the injury. Speaker 6: Well, both these case studies have value. Speaker 4: That is the end of section three. You now have half a minute to check your answers. Now turn to section four on page six. PART 4 Speaker 7: For centuries, beavers were widespread across Britain's rivers and wetlands. However, due to extensive hunting, they gradually disappeared. They were mainly trapped for their thick fur, which was highly valued in clothing production, as well as for their meat, which was considered a delicacy. But another major reason for their decline was the demand for a certain glandular secretion they produced. This substance was not only used in medicines and perfumes but also played a key role in transport industries, as it was an essential component in waterproofing leather goods and enhancing the quality of certain products. Today, conservationists are leading efforts to reintroduce beavers into carefully selected habitats. However, one of the major challenges is ensuring that these animals are not targeted by illegal hunting again. Government policies and conservation groups are working together to implement legal frameworks that will offer beavers protection from threats in the long run, including both human activities and natural predators. Without such regulations, their population could face another dramatic decline. Beavers are known for their unique physical features, which help them thrive in aquatic environments. One particularly distinctive part of their body serves multiple functions: it assists in swimming, provides balance, and even helps regulate body temperature. This feature, which is broad, flat, and covered in scales, allows them to navigate water efficiently while also acting as a heat regulator. This crucial adaptation is, of course, their tail. As these animals spread across different landscapes, they gradually establish new territories. Their movement patterns are often compared to those of other species that travel across vast distances to find food, shelter, or suitable breeding sites. Similar to birds that relocate seasonally, beavers display a type of migration, particularly when young individuals leave their original colonies to form new groups in distant areas. Apart from their role in shaping ecosystems, beavers have also been historically valued for a particular substance they secrete. This material, which carries a strong musky odor, was once a prized ingredient in fragrance making. Before synthetic alternatives were developed, this beaver derived compound was commonly used in the manufacturing of perfume, as its scent had long lasting properties that helped stabilize fragrances. Despite the ecological advantages of beaver reintroduction, not everyone is convinced that their presence is entirely beneficial. Some landowners and farmers argue that the way beavers modify waterways can lead to certain disruptions. Their habit of constructing lodges and dams using tree branches and mud can sometimes obstruct water flow, causing issues for local residents. Many fear that such changes in river systems could create unwanted complications, leading to headaches for communities that rely on stable water levels for irrigation or infrastructure. Despite these concerns, research has shown that beavers contribute significantly to improving natural habitats. One of the most noticeable effects of their return is the rise in public interest. Scientists, wildlife enthusiasts and tourists have flocked to areas where beavers have been successfully reintroduced. This surge in visitors has provided an economic boost to local businesses, as wildlife observation has become a popular activity. This increase in nature based travel has helped stimulate tourism, benefiting nearby communities financially. Beyond economic advantages, beavers play a crucial role in water management. By building structures that slow the movement of water, they help prevent sudden changes in river levels. This ability to control water flow is particularly important in regions that experience heavy rainfall. Their natural engineering skills assist in reducing the risk of flood, as their dams act as barriers that store excess rainwater and release it gradually over time. Another vital contribution of beavers is their ability to improve water quality. One of the most notable improvements is the reduction of a particular chemical element that when found in excessive amounts can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. By lowering the concentration of nitrogen, beaver activity helps prevent water pollution and supports a more balanced environment for fish and plant life. Finally, the habitats created by beavers provide shelter and food sources for a wide variety of species. The wetlands they establish become home to many creatures, including amphibians, birds, and small mammals. Additionally, their presence supports the survival of numerous tiny organisms that form the base of the food chain. Among the most abundant of these are insects, which thrive in the damp, nutrient rich environments that beaver modified landscapes offer. ==================== Chinese Translation ==================== 第一部分 Speaker 0: 你将听到几段不同的录音，并需要根据听到的内容回答问题。你会有时间阅读指令和问题，并且有机会检查你的答案。所有录音只会播放一次。考试分为四个部分。请将所有答案写在听力问题册上。考试结束后，你会有十分钟时间将答案誊写到答题纸上。现在翻到问题册第二页的第一部分。第一部分。你将听到一名学生致电学生就业办公室，咨询关于一个度假胜地的工作。首先，你有时间查看第二页的第一至第六题。你会看到一个已经为你完成的示例。仅此一次，与此相关的对话将首先播放。 Speaker 1: 你好。我在公告板上看到了招聘假期员工的广告，我很感兴趣。你能告诉我一些关于这个度假胜地的情况吗？ Speaker 2: 让我看看。是的。这些工作是在Sandy Shores度假村。你可能听说过它，因为它在这个地区相当有名。 Speaker 0: 度假村的名字是Sandy Shores。所以Sandy已经写在了空格里。现在我们将开始。你应该边听边回答问题，因为你不会再次听到录音。请仔细听并回答第一至第六题。 Speaker 1: 你好。我在公告板上看到了招聘假期员工的广告，我很感兴趣。你能告诉我一些关于这个度假胜地的情况吗？ Speaker 2: 让我看看。是的。这些工作是在Sandy Shores度假村。你可能听说过它，因为它在这个地区相当有名。 Speaker 1: 我不太确定。它具体在哪里？ Speaker 2: 在Jameson岛上。 Speaker 1: 我没听说过那个岛。怎么拼写？ Speaker 2: J A M E S O N。它是以一位著名探险家的名字命名的。 Speaker 1: 哦，听起来很有趣。 Speaker 2: 是的。那是个美丽的地方。而且因为这是一个大型度假村，他们在几个不同的领域都有职位空缺。 Speaker 1: 他们希望什么时候开始工作？ Speaker 2: 看起来申请截止日期是5月12日，他们需要你从7月11日开始工作。 Speaker 1: 哦，那太完美了。我的考试在7月5日结束。你能告诉我一些关于这些工作的情况吗？ Speaker 2: 嗯，首先，Calypso小餐馆有一个职位空缺。是服务员的工作。工作相当简单，负责点餐和上菜。你不需要任何经验，因为他们会培训你。 Speaker 1: 那很好。 Speaker 2: 他们还有一个叫做宾客联络部的职位空缺。他们负责度假村的娱乐活动，特别是日常的音乐表演和游行。他们绝对需要会唱歌的人。你的嗓音怎么样？ Speaker 1: 很糟糕。但我会弹钢琴。那有用吗？ Speaker 2: 我觉得没用。他们已经有一个乐队了。 Speaker 1: 好吧。那还有什么其他工作？ Speaker 2: 最受客人欢迎的活动包括游戏和水上运动，这些活动在度假村所属的沙滩上进行。他们一直在寻找健康的年轻人来帮忙做排球、冲浪和板球之类的事情，但他们绝对需要有和孩子一起工作过的人来担任这个职位。 Speaker 1: 嗯，我是青少年篮球队的教练。 Speaker 2: 听起来不错。最后，前台区域也有职位空缺。你将在礼宾部工作，负责搬运客人的行李。这个职位的一个要求是你必须会开车。这可能听起来有点奇怪，但有些别墅离度假村中心很远，所以他们有小型高尔夫球车来运送行李。 Speaker 0: 在你听到对话的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第二页的第七至第十题。现在请听并回答第七至第十题。 Speaker 2: 我想你可能想多了解一些员工的基本福利。 Speaker 1: 是的，请说。他们为员工提供免费住宿吗？ Speaker 2: 看起来他们只提供给正式员工，但员工不需要支付往返岛屿的交通费。所以你得住Port Thomas，但那里有很多便宜的地方。 Speaker 1: 那餐食呢？ Speaker 2: 有的。当你在值班时会提供餐食，所以你可以省下购买食品杂货的钱。如果你感兴趣，我们可以为你安排面试。我知道度假村的人事经理希望在周三、周四和周五在这里的学院进行面试。 Speaker 1: 你哪天方便？我们能在周四进行吗？因为我周三要工作。 Speaker 2: 好的。下午2点可以吗？ Speaker 1: 完美。 Speaker 2: 好的。我已经为你预约了那个时间。面试我需要带什么东西吗？ Speaker 2: 让我看看。是的。你需要带一份简历，详细说明你的工作经验和资历。而且因为他们计划面试很多人，他们要求每个人都提供一张照片，这样他们就能记住谁是谁。你还有什么问题吗？ Speaker 0: 第一部分到此结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查你的答案。现在翻到第三页的第二部分。 第二部分 Speaker 0: 第二部分。你将听到一位体育中心的教练在开放日对访客讲话。首先，你有时间查看第三页的第11至第16题。现在请仔细听并回答第11至第16题。 Speaker 3: 早上好。我们很高兴今天在Bexter体育中心的开放日看到这么多当地居民。我们期待着带你们参观，如果有什么我没有讲到的地方，请在11点在咖啡厅休息时来找我。目前，我们也在庆祝一个专门建造的舞蹈工作室的落成，你们将看到那里正在进行一堂课。你们还会看到游泳池里的儿童俱乐部课程，并有机会与我们的一些教练交谈。我们有一系列体育设施，所以每个人都能找到适合自己的项目。我已经提到了儿童俱乐部。那只在周六和周日开放，儿童必须由一位负责任的成年人陪同。在工作日的晚上，我们的客流量最大，因为很多人下班后直接来这里活动一两个小时。当然，当地学院的学生往往在周一至周五的任何时间，只要课间有空，就会过来。我们组织各种各样的课程，从瑜伽到拳击，课程最好按学期预订。那是10节课。你可以用借记卡支付，我们会给你代金券，你只需交给教练即可。我们也接受信用卡支付，但恐怕我们需要为此收取一笔费用。或者，如果你愿意，你也可以当天来并支付现金，但你会发现提前预订一个学期会更省钱。关于我们课程的所有信息都在我们的网站上。上面也有我们教练的个人简介，你会看到我们最近因他们的工作水准而赢得了一项体育奖项。他们提供的指导在颁奖典礼上得到了特别表彰。如果你喜欢今天在这里看到的一切，你现在就可以加入，会员费是每月20英镑。为了进一步吸引你，如果你是足球迷，我们有30张杯赛决赛的门票，欢迎你一起来。大巴是免费的，所以只需要支付门票的费用。但最棒的是，仅在今天，我们可以为完全新加入的人提供一小时的免费私人教练课程。最后，提醒一句。很多加入健身房或体育中心的人几个月后就放弃了。起初，他们显然感觉更好，看起来更好等等，但随后动力就消失了。他们开始找借口，比如工作太忙，但这通常是因为他们是独自加入的。所以在俱乐部之外，没有人可以交流心得。不要让这种情况发生在你身上。 Speaker 0: 在你听到谈话的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第四页的第17至第20题。现在请听并回答第17至第20题。 Speaker 3: 现在，为了从体育活动中获得最大收益，请确保你进行多种活动。总的来说，从一般训练课程开始是个好主意，你将首先开始锻炼你的下肢力量。你会立即在日常生活中感受到好处。然后确保你正在增强力量。做一些轻量级的举重训练。你会惊讶地发现，这能极大地提高你保持精神集中的能力，而且这也在健身房之外。确保你参加我们的有氧运动课程。这将给你一个真正高强度的锻炼，真正让你的心脏跳动起来。这是释放一天中积累的所有紧张情绪的完美方式。最后，每周至少进行一次像壁球这样的运动，以提高你的敏捷性。这对培养快速反应非常有益。你真的是在快速思考。建议你按照这个计划进行大约六周，然后重新评估你的健康水平。 Speaker 0: 第二部分到此结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查你的答案。现在翻到第三部分。 第三部分 Speaker 4: 第三部分。你将听到两名运动理疗学生John和Kath正在准备一个关于运动员足部损伤的联合演示。首先，你有时间查看第四页的第21至第26题。并回答第21至第26题。 Speaker 5: 我看过你的演示草稿计划，并与我的进行了比较，Kath，我们似乎有相同的基本结构。我们都包含了相同的三个主要部分，即足部解剖学、损伤和治疗，并且我们以相同的方式组织了我们的演示。但我们选择用来说明可能损伤的运动类型并不相同。我来处理解剖学部分。我有Gilligan教授关于这个主题的笔记和讲义。 Speaker 6: 哦，我本来希望做那部分的。我下载了一些有用的资料。 Speaker 5: 但我确实认为我们应该限制这一部分。当主要焦点是治疗时，我们不想花太多时间在解剖学上。 Speaker 6: 没错，但在最后一部分，也许我们两个人可以展示其中一些疗法是如何实际起作用的。我可以当病人，你来进行治疗。 Speaker 5: 好主意，因为很难找到图片，因为损伤大多是内部的。如果能听到一些受伤运动员的第一手叙述也会很好。 Speaker 6: 是的，但我们没有时间。 Speaker 5: 没有。那我们是否应该讨论不同类型的足跟损伤？值得指出的是，这些损伤的严重程度差异很大。可能只是肌肉拉伤，也可能是需要手术的骨骼损伤。有时只有专家才能区分。 Speaker 6: 太好了。我来做那部分的幻灯片。交给我吧。 Speaker 5: 那足跟损伤的原因呢？ Speaker 6: 嗯，列举出来很容易。过度使用、不合适的鞋子…… Speaker 5: 是的。 Speaker 6: 不正确的跑步姿势。这些都相关。但为了简单起见，我们只选一个原因。比如说，突然改变训练习惯之类的事情。 Speaker 5: 你的意思是，比如突然进行大量的山地训练？ Speaker 6: 是的。这是个好主意。 Speaker 5: 最新一期的《理疗杂志》上有关于这个的研究，不是吗？Gilligan教授向我们推荐过。 Speaker 6: 太好了。你可以把拉伸技巧的部分留给我。我真的很喜欢那些内容。 Speaker 5: 那你打算怎么做？ Speaker 6: 嗯，我会用视觉辅助来总结各种技巧，然后我会指出拉伸应该谨慎进行。显然，你必须小心不要过度拉伸，并且只在肌肉热身之后才进行拉伸。否则，你可能弊大于利。同样重要的是，在有监督的计划中，拉伸后来会与平衡练习相结合，这既能拉伸也能增强肌肉力量。 Speaker 5: 好的。 Speaker 4: 在你听到讨论的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第五页的第27至第30题。现在请听并回答第27至第30题。 Speaker 5: 在最后准备一些案例研究的信息总是有用的，以防我们材料不够。 Speaker 6: 嗯。你找到什么了吗？ Speaker 5: 是的。 Speaker 6: 一位三十多岁的女跑步者讲述了她治疗足跟肿胀的经历。最初，她让受伤部位休息。这确实有助于减轻肿胀，尽管仍然有点不舒服。然后她每天两次用冰袋敷在受伤处。 Speaker 5: 有效吗？ Speaker 6: 嗯，她在第一个月坚持了这种治疗，但认为没有帮助。之后，有人教她如何使用深层组织按摩技巧，她惊讶地发现这给她的脚带来了多大的活动自由度。 Speaker 5: 她没有接受超声波治疗吗？ Speaker 6: 有。她在医院接受过治疗，但她对其价值仍然持怀疑态度。她对医生开的平衡练习也有同样的感觉。 Speaker 5: 好的。这很有趣。我研究了一位男性短跑运动员的康复后计划，他被允许进行一些体育活动作为康复的一部分。经过四个月的治疗，他在草地上进行了轻度跑步，穿着能很好支撑受伤足跟的鞋子。 Speaker 6: 所以不疼吗？ Speaker 5: 嗯，他发现之后足跟很痛，他尝试的一些跳跃练习也出现了同样的情况。 Speaker 6: 他去健身房使用器械了吗？ Speaker 5: 去了。几周后。如果他使用轻重量，他可以无痛训练。他还尝试了骑自行车，发现这很有益，因为他的脚没有接触地面。他期望游泳也能有类似的效果，但发现重复的踢腿动作实际上加重了伤势。 Speaker 6: 嗯，这两个案例研究都有价值。 Speaker 4: 第三部分到此结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查你的答案。现在翻到第六页的第四部分。 第四部分 Speaker 7: 几个世纪以来，河狸曾广泛分布于英国的河流和湿地。然而，由于大量捕猎，它们逐渐消失了。它们被捕猎主要是为了获取其厚实的皮毛，这在服装生产中价值很高，同时也为了获取其肉，这被视为一种美味。但它们数量减少的另一个主要原因是人们对其产生的一种特定腺体分泌物的需求。这种物质不仅用于医药和香水，还在运输工业中发挥了关键作用，因为它是防水皮革制品和提升某些产品质量的重要成分。如今，环保人士正领导着将河狸重新引入经过精心挑选的栖息地的努力。然而，主要的挑战之一是确保这些动物不再成为非法捕猎的目标。政府政策和保护组织正在共同努力，实施法律框架，以长期保护河狸免受威胁，包括人类活动和自然捕食者。如果没有这样的法规，它们的种群可能会再次面临急剧下降。河狸以其独特的身体特征而闻名，这些特征帮助它们在水中环境中茁壮成长。它们身体的一个特别独特的部位具有多种功能：它有助于游泳、提供平衡，甚至帮助调节体温。这个特征宽大、扁平，覆盖着鳞片，使它们能够高效地在水中游动，同时也充当热量调节器。这个关键的适应性特征当然就是它们的尾巴。随着这些动物扩散到不同的景观中，它们逐渐建立新的领地。它们的移动模式常被拿来与其他物种进行比较，这些物种为了寻找食物、住所或合适的繁殖地而长途跋涉。类似于季节性迁徙的鸟类，河狸也表现出一种迁徙行为，特别是当年轻的个体离开原来的群体，在遥远的地区建立新的群体时。除了在塑造生态系统方面的作用外，河狸在历史上也因其分泌的一种特定物质而受到重视。这种带有强烈麝香气味的物质曾是香水制造中珍贵的成分。在合成替代品被开发出来之前，这种河狸衍生的化合物被广泛用于香水制造，因为它的气味具有持久性，有助于稳定香味。尽管重新引入河狸具有生态优势，但并非所有人都相信它们的存在完全有益。一些土地所有者和农民认为，河狸改变水道的方式可能导致某些干扰。它们用树枝和泥土建造巢穴和水坝的习惯有时会阻碍水流，给当地居民带来问题。许多人担心，河流系统的这种变化可能会造成不必要的复杂情况，给依赖稳定水位进行灌溉或维持基础设施的社区带来麻烦。尽管存在这些担忧，研究表明河狸对改善自然栖息地做出了重大贡献。它们回归最显著的影响之一是公众兴趣的增加。科学家、野生动物爱好者和游客纷纷涌向河狸成功重新引入的地区。游客的激增为当地企业带来了经济提振，因为野生动物观察已成为一项受欢迎的活动。这种基于自然的旅行的增加有助于刺激旅游业，使附近社区在经济上受益。除了经济优势，河狸在水资源管理中也扮演着关键角色。通过建造减缓水流速度的结构，它们有助于防止河流水位的突然变化。这种控制水流的能力在降雨量大的地区尤其重要。它们天生的工程技能有助于降低洪水风险，因为它们的水坝充当了屏障，储存多余的雨水并随时间缓慢释放。河狸的另一个重要贡献是它们改善水质的能力。最显著的改善之一是减少了某种化学元素的含量，这种元素如果过量存在会对水生生态系统产生负面影响。通过降低氮的浓度，河狸的活动有助于防止水污染，并为鱼类和植物生命支持一个更平衡的环境。最后，河狸创造的栖息地为各种各样的物种提供了庇护所和食物来源。它们建立的湿地成为许多生物的家园，包括两栖动物、鸟类和小型哺乳动物。此外，它们的存在支持了构成食物链基础的无数微小生物的生存。其中数量最多的是昆虫，它们在河狸改造过的景观所提供的潮湿、营养丰富的环境中繁衍生息。