General Training Reading 2025-12 Test 2

A The driest parts of Canada have a long history of aboriginal people. Among other findings, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of their creativity - ancient painting, pottery and stone statues of imaginary characters. This CD contains high resolution images of their creative expression. Some drawings have been reproduced. Extensive photographs and informative texts. B This CD is a compilation of information regarding Canada's human populations. In-depth information about population size, growth, density, and distribution are covered. Statistics and graphs presented which bring the information to life! Migration trends in Canada are also a focus. A publication for beginners and experts alike. C A manual on Canada's woods and jungles. Satellite images as well as illustrations. Full of useful data. The origins, development and future of landscape trends are discussed. Several case studies on the natural resources in jungles and the impact of industrialisation upon them. D Contains a detailed list of Canada's retailers from several industries - souvenirs, fashion, toys, electronics to name a few. A must-have for tourists. Addresses, phone numbers and opening hours are all provided. Relevant internet sites are also easy to access. A world of information is just a click away! E If you are a person who thinks that cycling through mountainous regions is the ultimate in excitement then this CD is for you! Contains detailed routes through the slopes of Canada. Full of relevant and useful tips, including how to handle varying weather conditions. Additional information on camping and crisis management also included. F Full of authentic Canadian recipes. Lunch, dinner, snacks, ice-creams, desserts and lots more. Select, specialty dishes with some drink preparation tips also included. Some video footage from Canada's top cook shows. Possible purchase locations for some of the rare cooking ingredients, especially spices and natural herbs, are provided. G Graphics illustrators have worked with entomologists to give us an idea how these small creatures reproduce and have survived for thousands of years. Their contribution to soil protection is discussed. Pest control and its pros and cons are drawn from articles published by the National University of Canada. H Focuses on outdoor safety including infections and self-medications, safety equipment, food, living arrangements and other wildlife skills. Weather changes and ways to cope with them are discussed in detail. A photo gallery featuring a selection of picturesque, natural Canadian scenery is included free with every CD.

There are four easy ways to book seats for performances: • in person The Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 am-8 pm. • by post Simply complete the booking form and return it to Stanfield Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Stanfield, ST55 6GF. All cheques should be made payable to Stanfield Theatre. • by telephone Ring 01316 753219 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (Visa, Mastercard, and Amex accepted). • online Complete the online booking form at www.stanfieldtheatre.com DISCOUNTS Saver: £2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday inclusive, and for all matinées. Savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s, and full-time students. Supersaver: half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion. It is advisable to book in advance. There is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available, and one wheelchair space will be held until one hour before the show (subject to availability). Standby: best available seats are on sale for £6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible for Saver and Supersaver discounts, and thirty minutes before for all other customers. Group Bookings: There is a ten percent discount for parties of twelve or more. Schools: school parties of ten or more can book £6 Standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free. Please note: we are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances. GIFT VOUCHERS Gift vouchers for any value can be bought at the Box Office.

Encouraging employee health Benefits • improved efficiency • less 15 _________ Preventing problems • invite guests, e.g., a doctor, to give information • provide vaccinations Diet • make healthier options available to replace 16 _________ • have healthy food at meetings • offer 17 _________ at no cost • provide a 18 _________ for staff use Exercise • provide somewhere for employees to leave their 19 _________ • provide 20 _________ for workers who exercise

21. Last minute appointments may be possible if people are on the _________ 22. Some insurance companies require a _________ from a physician if they are to pay for the treatment. 23. All patients will receive a _________ for their treatment from their physiotherapist following examination. 24. Back pain can become _________ without intervention. 25. _________ will be recommended to help patients' back muscles become stronger. 26. The clinic liaises with relevant _________ in order to get advice on some patients' rehabilitation. 27. The clinic's physiotherapists will offer advice on how to lessen the strain that _________ repeated have on the body.

A. The violin, viola, and cello were first made in the early 16th century in Italy. The earliest evidence for their existence is in paintings by Gaudenzio Ferrari from the 1530s, though Ferrari's instruments had only three strings. The instruments Ferrari depicts have bulging front and back plates, strings that feed into peg-boxes with side pegs and f-holes. They do not have frets. The only real difference between these instruments and the modern violin is that Ferrari's have three strings and a rather more extravagant curved shape. It is not clear exactly who made these first violins, but there is good evidence that they originate from northern Italy. Violins are likely to have been developed from a number of other string instruments of the 15th and 16th centuries, including the vielle, rebec, and lira da braccio. The history of bowed string instruments in Europe goes back to the 9th century. Since their invention, instruments in the violin family have seen a number of changes. The overall pattern for the instrument was set in the 17th century. B. At first, the violin was not popular. In fact, it was considered a musical instrument of low status. But by the 1600s, well-known composers like Claudio Monteverdi used the violin in his operas, and the violins' status grew. The violins' prestige continued to rise during the Baroque period once major composers began dedicating time to writing for the violin. By the mid-18th century, the violin enjoyed a vital place in instrumental music ensembles. In the 19th century, the violins' rise to fame continued in the hands of virtuoso violinists such as Nicolo Paganini and Pablo de Sarasate. In the 20th century, the violin reached new heights both in technical and artistic aspects. Isaac Stern, Fritz Kreisler, and Itzhak Perlman are some of the well-known icons. C. The Stroh violin used mechanical amplification similar to that of an unelectrified gramophone to boost sound volume. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before electronic sound amplification became common, Stroh violins were used particularly in the recording studio. These violins with directional horns were better suited to the demands of the early recording industry's technology than the traditional violin. Stroh was not the only person who made instruments of this class. Over twenty different inventions appear in the Patent books up to 1949. Often mistaken for Stroh and interchangeably known as being Stroh-viols, phono-fiddles, horn-violins, or trumpet-violins, these other instruments have slipped into comparative obscurity. D. The history of the electric violin spans the entire 20th century. The success of electrical amplification, recording, and playback devices brought an end to the use of the Stroh violin in broadcast and recording. Acoustic-electric violins have a hollow body with sound holes and may be played with or without amplification. Solid-body electric violins produce very little sound on their own and require the use of an electronic sound reinforcement system, which usually includes equalization and may also apply sonic effects. E. Most violins are made from approximately 70 different pieces of spruce or maple. The violin parts include the scroll, tuning pegs, peg box, neck, frets, fingerboard, F-holes, strings, bridge, tailpiece, and chin rest. The bow includes the stick, hair, and screw. A violin bow is usually made with between 150 and 200 hairs. These bows can be made with horse hair, nylon, and a variety of other materials. Violins are available in different sizes. Beginners usually begin with smaller instruments and eventually move to full-size violins. When playing the violin, the musician rests the violin under the chin and uses their left hand's fingers to press strings on the neck while bowing or plucking the string at the bridge. When playing the violin, the bow is drawn at right angles across the strings with the right hand to make sound. The violin is the smallest instrument in the violin family. It also has the highest pitch of the four types of instruments. F. The viola is a member of the violin family and is a bit larger than the violin and has a lower pitch. The cello is a member of the Violin family and is larger than the viola. It rests on a metal spike that touches the ground while playing. The double bass is the largest instrument in the violin family. It also rests on the floor, and the musician stands to play. It has a much lower pitch than the violin. The folk music version of the violin is the fiddle. Aging and softening of the wood work together to make a violin more responsive with a warmer tone. It is this warmth and ease of response that often make old violins a treasure. Every violin has small differences from other instruments that make it unique. Uniqueness can be good or bad depending on whether the violin conforms to accepted qualities or has qualities that are undesirable, such as wolf tones or dead spots (unresponsive areas). In the hands of a master, a violin can bring the most subtle emotion to an entire symphony hall.

LIST OF HEADINGS i. The Violin family ii. Electrical amplification of violins iii. Adulation of the Violin iv. Violin with directional horns v. Structural details of the violin vi. Annals of Violin