أُعيد بناء هذا الاختبار من استرجاعات المتقدمين — ليس مادة رسمية من IELTS. الصوت والنصوص معاد إنشاؤها للتدريب.
عرض النص المكتوب
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IELTS Listening Transcript
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PART 1
Speaker 0: Section one. You will hear a man telephoning to ask for information about swimming lessons. First, you have some time to look at questions one to six on page two. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
Speaker 1: Hello, City Swim School.
Speaker 2: Oh, hello. I wanted to ask about swimming lessons. That's in a class, not individual.
Speaker 1: Right. Well, we do group lessons at various levels. To start off with, we have what we call the water babies class.
Speaker 0: The first class is called water babies, so babies has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions one to six.
Speaker 1: Hello, City Swim School.
Speaker 2: Oh, hello. I wanted to ask about swimming lessons. That's in a class, not individual.
Speaker 1: Right. Well, we do group lessons at various levels. To start off with, we have what we call the water babies class. That's for babies of three months and over.
Speaker 2: Really? As young as that?
Speaker 1: Yes. That's really the best time to start.
Speaker 2: Right. Well, we do have a baby, so I'll make a note of that. What do they actually do in the lessons?
Speaker 1: Well, the main aim is just to familiarize them with the water so they feel at ease there. They get the children to enjoy themselves. They have lots of toys and things they can use to play with in the water.
Speaker 2: Right. And how much do the lessons cost?
Speaker 1: They're held on Tuesday mornings, and each lesson costs £3.80. It's not really a course as such.
Speaker 2: Okay. Well, I'll talk to my wife about that. But I was actually ringing about lessons for me.
Speaker 1: Okay. So are you a beginner?
Speaker 2: Not exactly, but I'm not very good.
Speaker 1: Well, the beginners' classes are really for people who don't have any experience of swimming. They aim to teach you techniques for breathing in the water, and they get you to do things like put your head underwater and open your eyes.
Speaker 2: Okay. I can do that.
Speaker 1: And by the end of the course, they aim to have you swimming five metres.
Speaker 2: I think I can probably just about do that.
Speaker 1: Okay. So you'd be better in the intermediate class then. That's where you learn the main swimming strokes, front stroke, backstroke, and so on.
Speaker 2: What about diving?
Speaker 1: Yes. They teach you how to do that. And you'd also do some underwater swimming.
Speaker 2: Not with a tank or anything?
Speaker 1: Oh, no. Not scuba. Just ordinary underwater swimming. And in the intermediate course, you also look at water safety, both in the pool and when swimming in other places.
Speaker 2: Okay. Well, that sounds the right level for me, I think. So how much does that cost?
Speaker 1: £61 for a course. That's 10 lessons.
Speaker 2: Can you tell me a bit more about the class? How many people would there be in it?
Speaker 1: Well, the intermediate class is usually around eight to 10. That's what we aim at. Though occasionally, it might go up to 12.
Speaker 2: Okay. That sounds quite a reasonable size, not too many. And the class is for adults, is it?
Speaker 1: Yes.
Speaker 2: Okay. And just out of interest, is there an advanced class?
Speaker 1: Yes. They focus on developing more efficient swimming techniques and on working on your speed, and they also prepare you for competitive swimming.
Speaker 2: Okay. Now, I think I'd want to start with the intermediate one, really.
Speaker 0: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions seven to 10 on page three. Now listen and answer questions seven to 10.
Speaker 2: Now is there anything special I need to know?
Speaker 1: Well, the classes are on Tuesdays, and the first lesson is on January 13, so you need to register before then. January 8 is the latest, but it's filling up quickly, so I'd do it straight away. You can pick up a form here or get one off the Internet. And classes are at 7:30 PM.
Speaker 2: Right. Then I just roll up with my swimming trunks. Do I have to bring my own towel?
Speaker 1: That's right. We provide all participants with a swimming hat, though.
Speaker 2: Oh, I don't usually wear one.
Speaker 1: Well, we do insist on it, actually. It helps the instructor to identify you apart from anything else. Oh, and don't forget you need a 20p coin for the locker.
Speaker 2: Oh, okay. Right. Well, I've been meaning to do this for ages. I really need to get some more exercise, and everyone says swimming is good for your health.
Speaker 1: Yes. And a lot of people find it improves their confidence too. And, of course, it could save your life or even someone else's.
Speaker 2: That's right. Okay. Well, thanks very much. Goodbye.
Speaker 1: Goodbye.
Speaker 0: That is the end of section one. You now have half a minute to check your answers.
PART 2
Speaker 4: Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.
Speaker 5: Our special guest today is Claire Benetall, the restaurant manager of the Emperor Hotel here in town. She's here to tell us about their famous afternoon teas in the restaurant. Welcome.
Speaker 3: Thanks, Peter.
Speaker 5: Tell us about what makes afternoon tea so special.
Speaker 3: Well, it's been a time honored tradition for over a century. At the Emperor Hotel, we've been serving tea to royalty, dignitaries, and movie stars in the grandest tradition. A lot of people come to see the expensive fabrics, antique carpets, and beautiful handmade furniture we have here. Our waiters serve tea against the picturesque backdrop of the boats on the harbor. We're busy, so we strongly recommend making reservations. However, we rarely turn guests away. Tea is always an event here. Of course, we serve the Emperor Tea Blend, which is created exclusively for the hotel by the Metropolitan Tea Company. This famous blend comes from more than six different places all over the world. That's why the taste is so special. I also have some interesting facts about our tea tables. During our dining room renovation, we kept the wood from the original floor and used it to make our tea tables. You can now say you were eating off the floor. They always have white tablecloths on them, which is, of course, normal in the better hotels. We'll finish renovating next year by covering the chairs in a shade of red to match the walls. These days, we serve about half a million cups of tea every year. Our waiting staff have over 42 years of combined service with us. The original cups and saucers were first used by the hotel back in 1939 for a visit by the King and Queen of England. Today, the pattern is still made by the Midland China Company exclusively for us and is available for sale in the hotel store and online.
Speaker 4: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
Speaker 5: Would you describe your afternoon tea parties for our listeners?
Speaker 3: Sure. The hotel has several different kinds of tea parties. We have a special afternoon tea for children known as the playtime tea. Children can enjoy bubblegum tea and cookies inside a little children's castle. We give them crowns and dress up clothes to wear. This gives them the experience of being kings and queens. Our bridal tea can be customized for any upcoming marriage. It's a traditional afternoon where women, friends, and family get together and shower the bride with gifts. Our photographer will be there to take many pictures of the best moments of the day, to remind the bride and her friends of something special that they can look back at. The summer tea is served out in the lovely hotel grounds. We spread a souvenir blanket for you under a tree. A basket is prepared for you. Inside, it has four local Salt Spring Island cheeses with fresh honey that's made from the chef's own beehives. Our Canadian tea is the most popular one with our international visitors. It includes strawberries and peaches grown in the neighbourhood, which we serve with special sandwiches and jam made with raspberries from our own backyard. The farmer's tea is our most famous party. Guests love having a satisfying tea where our famous drink is served with a variety of meat and egg pies hot from the oven, along with our homemade bread. And don't forget the farm style fruit pies for dessert. And finally, back by popular demand is our seniors tea. If you're 60 or older, you can enjoy afternoon tea in our cozy library. While there, you can look at the photos of famous actors and musicians that have visited our hotel, and read what they said about the hotel. Our chef and restaurant staff serve handmade scones, delicious pastries, and sweets freshly baked in our restaurant daily. It's wonderful.
Speaker 4: That is the end of part two. You now have thirty seconds to check your answers to part two.
PART 3
Speaker 6: Section three. You will hear two students talking about the Moa with the lecturer. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26. Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
Speaker 7: Thank you all for coming here today to hear about the moa, a kind of animal which has been extinct for a long time. Well, first of all, we look at what the moa are. The moa are nine species of flightless birds endemic to New Zealand. They were the dominant herbivores in New Zealand's forest, shrubland, and subalpine ecosystems for thousands of years. But around five hundred years ago, they all went extinct. When I mention extinct animals during ancient times, you may immediately think of dinosaurs, which disappeared around 66 million years ago. Fossils of dinosaurs, which we used to study, are large in number, but not many of those of Moa remain, though both animals appeal to people today.
Speaker 8: So the Moa sound more mysterious now. But, sir, I've got a question about these flightless birds. How can we distinguish them from other birds?
Speaker 7: That's a good question. Birds are commonly characterized by being warm blooded, having feathers and wings, usually capable of flight, and laying eggs while the flightless moa, until their extinction, were the largest birds in the world. Their heads are relatively small in relation to their bodies, and they are the only wingless birds lacking even the vestigial wings and substantial tailbones in their family.
Speaker 9: That's impressive, but were they born to be like that? I mean, when they were chicks.
Speaker 7: Yes. Absolutely. So let's move on to the chicks. The eggs of Moa were laid in nests and incubated for about two months. The chicks would be well developed upon hatching and probably would be able to leave the nests to feed on their own almost immediately.
Speaker 9: I've heard that the male Moa are thought to have incubated the eggs. Is that true?
Speaker 7: I think there is a possibility for that. I've read somewhere that the sex specific DNA recovered from the outer surfaces of eggshells suggested that these eggs were likely to have been hatched by the male, but we still need to consult more. But I have a question. There has been some occasional speculation that the Moa was still alive because someone said they had caught sight of them in New Zealand in the late nineteenth century or even the twentieth. Do you think it's possible?
Speaker 9: I'm not amazed by that since that kind of thing has been claimed several times. But I find it funny because no reliable evidence of Moa tracks has ever been found, and experts still contend that Moa survival is extremely unlikely.
Speaker 8: So what was the reason for the Moa's extinction? I wonder if it was global warming or some other factors related to their living environment.
Speaker 7: Well, before the arrival of human settlers in New Zealand, the Moa's only predator was the massive Haas eagle. Then the Maori arrived sometime before CE 1300, and all Moa genera was soon driven to extinction by hunting.
Speaker 8: What a horrible thing.
Speaker 6: Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
Speaker 7: Alright. Now let's look at the features of some species of moa. The South Island giant moa may have been the tallest birds ever known, and the second tallest of the nine moa species is the North Island giant moa, with the females being markedly larger than males, both in weight and height.
Speaker 9: And I've heard that the smallest of the moa birds are the coastal moa. Is that right?
Speaker 7: Yes. You were right. And have you heard about any other kind of moa before?
Speaker 9: I know the crested moa. The eggs they laid may be larger than others. As they mainly lived in the remote interior of the Southern Island, their fossils are rare or absent in archaeological sites, and no egg remains have yet been identified.
Speaker 8: Are there any species of moa that have got more fossils?
Speaker 7: Yes, of course. A considerable amount of remains of the stout legged moa exist due to the well preserved properties of their habitat. Their skulls reveal relatively bad vision, a good sense of smell, and a very short bill. Then there is the eastern moa. They were remarkable in having very long and narrow windpipes, which probably enabled them to make louder, more resonant calls than those of other moa and had the greatest vocal abilities, so they could communicate when they could not see each other in the forest or at night. They used a range of senses apart from sound in their search for food, such as their sense of smell and vision.
Speaker 6: That is the end of section three. You now have half a minute to check your answers.
PART 4
Speaker 4: Part four. You will hear part of a lecture on the Swedish film director Ingmar Bergmann given to media study students by a film critic. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
Speaker 10: You can read a great novel, listen to a great symphony, or go to see a painting by a great artist, and you'll want to experience it again and again. And every time you do, you'll learn something new from it. Very few films achieve this. Most of them are mere entertainment, and very few of them could be said to be works of art. They simply don't have the depth that a work of art has, and this means that you may see them once, but you won't want to watch them again. Why is it that so many commercial films today have such a limited shelf life? One problem is that for many films, once you've seen them once and you know what happens, that's it. They rely on the element of surprise to keep you interested, and once that's lost, that feeling of what's going to happen next, there's nothing left. In addition, the commercial nature of filmmaking means that rather than focusing on the development of characters in the film, many films are just becoming vehicles for actors, box office successes who essentially play the same part each time. Then, as well as this, many critics would argue that the greatest black and white films had their own special world with its own special atmosphere, and that nowadays it's harder to create this because the director is unable to play with light in the same way. Another problem is that many directors lack the ability to focus the camera on the important points. There may be impressive visual images, but they don't contribute to the meaning of the film. Which brings me on to Ingmar Bergmann, the great Swedish film director who died in 2007. No other director has equaled Bergman in his ability to convey emotion. His films have the dramatic force of a work by the world's greatest playwrights, such as Ibsen or Shakespeare. Watching Bergman's films is an enriching experience. Nothing is immediately obvious or predictable, but gradually it becomes clear where he is taking you. If you study a film such as Wild Strawberries, you'll see that every little detail is significant. Each image on the screen is there for a purpose, and gradually builds up an understanding of the central meaning. With Bergman, too, you know that a small gesture made by a character, or the expression on a character's face, can tell you just as much as the words uttered. In his film Persona, the central character says nothing, but meaning is conveyed by what we see on the screen. But Bergmann wasn't just a great cinematographer. He was also a great storyteller. Each of his films follows a similar pattern in that the story is organized on two levels: firstly, on the level of a straightforward, dramatic narrative but secondly, on the level of myth, and the story works throughout the film on both these levels. In Bergman's film Wild Strawberries, an old man travels back to the places he knew as a child and a young man. In the film, we can identify themes that occur again and again in Bergman's work. First of all, we have the idea of the journey. Part of the journey is a real one, but linked with that is the theme of dreams where they can take us and what we can learn from them. Another theme, which was to be central to Bergmann's work throughout his life, is that of relationships, and in particular, the ties that join the members of a family together. And finally, as the old man in Wild Strawberries struggles to make sense of his life, we have another theme which underlies all his work. No matter how anxious or unhappy his characters may appear to be, and that is that we have to accept everything that life can give. It's not a fashionable philosophy, and it may be why Bergman's films have fallen out of fashion.
Speaker 4: That is the end of part four. You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Chinese Translation
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第一部分
你将听到一个男人打电话询问游泳课程的信息。首先，你有时间查看第二页的第一到第六题。你会看到一个已经为你完成的示例。仅此一次，与此相关的对话将首先播放。
Speaker 1: 你好，城市游泳学校。
Speaker 2: 哦，你好。我想询问游泳课程的事。是上集体课，不是一对一。
Speaker 1: 好的。我们有不同级别的集体课程。首先，我们有所谓的“水宝宝”班。
Speaker 0: 第一个班叫“水宝宝”，所以“宝宝”已经填在空格里了。现在我们要开始了。你应该边听边答题，因为你不会第二次听到录音。仔细听，回答第一到第六题。
Speaker 1: 你好，城市游泳学校。
Speaker 2: 哦，你好。我想询问游泳课程的事。是上集体课，不是一对一。
Speaker 1: 好的。我们有不同级别的集体课程。首先，我们有所谓的“水宝宝”班。那是为三个月及以上的婴儿开设的。
Speaker 2: 真的吗？那么小就可以？
Speaker 1: 是的。那真的是开始的最佳时机。
Speaker 2: 好的。我们确实有个宝宝，所以我记一下。他们上课具体做什么？
Speaker 1: 主要目的是让他们熟悉水，这样他们在水里就能感到自在。他们让孩子们玩得开心。有很多玩具之类的东西可以让他们在水里玩。
Speaker 2: 好的。课程费用是多少？
Speaker 1: 课程在周二上午进行，每节课3.80英镑。它不算是连续的课程。
Speaker 2: 好的。我会和我妻子商量一下。但我打电话其实是想问适合我的课程。
Speaker 1: 好的。那你是初学者吗？
Speaker 2: 不完全是，但我游得不太好。
Speaker 1: 初学者课程是真正为没有任何游泳经验的人开设的。目标是教你水中呼吸的技巧，并让你做一些像把头浸入水中并睁开眼睛之类的事情。
Speaker 2: 好的。这个我能做到。
Speaker 1: 课程结束时，目标是让你能游五米。
Speaker 2: 我想我大概差不多能做到。
Speaker 1: 好的。那你更适合中级班。在那里你会学习主要的游泳姿势，比如自由泳、仰泳等等。
Speaker 2: 那跳水呢？
Speaker 1: 有的。他们会教你如何跳水。你还会做一些水下游泳。
Speaker 2: 不是带着氧气瓶之类的吧？
Speaker 1: 哦，不是。不是水肺潜水。就是普通的水下游泳。在中级课程中，你还会学习水上安全，无论是在泳池里还是在其他地方游泳时。
Speaker 2: 好的。听起来这个级别适合我。那费用是多少？
Speaker 1: 一门课程61英镑。共10节课。
Speaker 2: 你能多告诉我一些关于这个班的情况吗？一个班有多少人？
Speaker 1: 中级班通常大约8到10人。这是我们的目标人数。虽然偶尔可能会增加到12人。
Speaker 2: 好的。人数听起来挺合理的，不算太多。这个班是成人的，对吧？
Speaker 1: 是的。
Speaker 2: 好的。顺便问一下，有高级班吗？
Speaker 1: 有的。他们专注于培养更高效的游泳技巧，提高速度，并且为竞技游泳做准备。
Speaker 2: 好的。我想我还是从中级班开始吧。
Speaker 0: 在你听到对话的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第三页的第七到第十题。现在听并回答第七到第十题。
Speaker 2: 有什么特别需要我注意的吗？
Speaker 1: 课程在周二，第一节课是1月13日，所以你需要在之前注册。最晚是1月8日，但名额很快报满，所以我建议你马上办理。你可以在这里拿表格，或者从网上下载。课程时间是晚上7点30分。
Speaker 2: 好的。那我就带着我的泳裤去。我需要自己带毛巾吗？
Speaker 1: 是的。不过我们会为所有参与者提供一顶泳帽。
Speaker 2: 哦，我通常不戴泳帽。
Speaker 1: 实际上，我们坚持要求戴。除了其他原因，这有助于教练识别你。哦，别忘了你需要一枚20便士的硬币用于储物柜。
Speaker 2: 哦，好的。好吧，这件事我想做很久了。我真的需要多锻炼，而且人人都说游泳对健康有好处。
Speaker 1: 是的。而且很多人发现游泳也能增强他们的自信。当然，它还可能救你一命，甚至救别人的命。
Speaker 2: 没错。好的，非常感谢。再见。
Speaker 1: 再见。
Speaker 0: 第一部分结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查你的答案。
第二部分
现在仔细听，回答第11到第14题。
Speaker 5: 我们今天的特邀嘉宾是克莱尔·贝内塔尔，她是本市帝王酒店的餐厅经理。她来向我们介绍酒店著名的下午茶。欢迎。
Speaker 3: 谢谢，彼得。
Speaker 5: 跟我们说说下午茶有什么特别之处。
Speaker 3: 嗯，这是一个延续了一个多世纪的悠久传统。在帝王酒店，我们一直以最盛大的传统为皇室、政要和电影明星提供茶饮。很多人来这里是为了欣赏我们昂贵的织物、古董地毯和漂亮的手工家具。我们的服务员在港口船只如画的背景下奉茶。我们很忙，所以强烈建议预订。不过，我们很少拒绝客人。在这里，喝茶总是一件盛事。当然，我们供应帝王茶混合茶，这是由大都会茶公司专门为酒店制作的。这种著名的混合茶来自全球六个以上的不同地方。这就是为什么它的味道如此特别。我还有一些关于我们茶桌的有趣事实。在餐厅翻新期间，我们保留了原来的木地板，并用它来制作我们的茶桌。现在你可以说你是在地板上吃饭了。桌上总是铺着白色桌布，这在高级酒店里当然是正常的。我们将在明年完成翻新，用与墙壁相配的红色来覆盖椅子。如今，我们每年供应大约50万杯茶。我们的服务人员总共拥有超过42年的服务经验。最初的杯碟是酒店早在1939年为了英国国王和王后的到访而首次使用的。如今，这种图案仍然由米德兰瓷器公司专门为我们生产，并在酒店商店和网上有售。
Speaker 4: 在你听到演讲的其余部分之前，你有时间查看第15到第20题。现在听并回答第15到第20题。
Speaker 5: 你能为我们的听众描述一下你们的下午茶派对吗？
Speaker 3: 当然。酒店有几种不同类型的茶会。我们为儿童准备了一个特别的下午茶，叫做“游戏时间茶”。孩子们可以在一个小儿童城堡里享用泡泡糖茶和饼干。我们给他们戴上王冠，穿上化装服。这让他们体验当国王和王后的感觉。我们的新娘茶会可以为任何即将举行的婚礼定制。这是一个传统的下午，女性朋友和家人聚在一起，给新娘送上礼物。我们的摄影师会在那里拍摄当天最美好时刻的许多照片，让新娘和她的朋友们记住一些特别的、可以回顾的瞬间。夏季茶会在可爱的酒店庭园里供应。我们在树下为你铺开一条纪念毯。为你准备了一个篮子。里面装有四种当地的盐泉岛奶酪，以及用厨师自己蜂箱里的新鲜蜂蜜制成的蜂蜜。我们的加拿大茶最受国际游客欢迎。它包括附近种植的草莓和桃子，我们配上特制的三明治和用自家后院种植的覆盆子制成的果酱一起供应。农夫茶是我们最著名的派对。客人们喜欢享用一顿令人满足的茶点，我们的著名饮品配上各种刚从烤箱出炉的肉馅饼和蛋馅饼，还有我们自制的面包。别忘了还有农家风格的水果派作为甜点。最后，应大众要求回归的是我们的长者茶。如果你60岁或以上，你可以在我们舒适的图书馆里享用下午茶。在那里，你可以观看曾访问过我们酒店的著名演员和音乐家的照片，并阅读他们对酒店的评论。我们的厨师和餐厅员工每天供应手工制作的司康饼、美味的糕点和新鲜烘焙的糖果。真是太棒了。
Speaker 4: 第二部分结束。你现在有三十秒时间检查第二部分的答案。
第三部分
第三部分。你将听到两个学生与讲师讨论恐鸟。首先，你有时间查看第21到第26题。现在仔细听，回答第21到第26题。
Speaker 7: 感谢大家今天来这里了解恐鸟，一种已经灭绝很久的动物。首先，我们来看看恐鸟是什么。恐鸟是九种新西兰特有的不会飞的鸟类。数千年来，它们一直是新西兰森林、灌木丛和高山生态系统中主要的食草动物。但大约五百年前，它们全部灭绝了。当我提到古代的灭绝动物时，你可能会立刻想到恐龙，它们在大约6600万年前消失了。我们用来研究的恐龙化石数量很多，但恐鸟的化石留存下来的不多，尽管这两种动物今天都吸引着人们。
Speaker 8: 所以恐鸟现在听起来更神秘了。但是，先生，关于这些不会飞的鸟，我有个问题。我们如何将它们与其他鸟类区分开来？
Speaker 7: 问得好。鸟类的普遍特征包括是温血动物、有羽毛和翅膀、通常能够飞行以及产卵，而不会飞的恐鸟，在它们灭绝之前，是世界上最大的鸟类。它们的头部相对于身体来说较小，并且它们是唯一没有翅膀的鸟类，甚至没有退化的翅膀和结实的尾骨。
Speaker 9: 真令人印象深刻，但它们天生就是这样吗？我是说，当它们是幼鸟的时候。
Speaker 7: 是的，完全正确。所以我们来谈谈幼鸟。恐鸟的蛋产在巢里，孵化大约两个月。幼鸟孵化时发育良好，很可能几乎立刻就能离开巢穴自己觅食。
Speaker 9: 我听说雄性恐鸟被认为负责孵蛋。这是真的吗？
Speaker 7: 我认为有这种可能性。我在某处读到过，从蛋壳外表面提取的性别特异性DNA表明，这些蛋很可能是由雄性孵化的，但我们还需要查阅更多资料。但我有个问题。一直有一些零星的猜测认为恐鸟仍然活着，因为有人说他们在19世纪末甚至20世纪在新西兰看到过它们。你认为这可能吗？
Speaker 9: 我并不对此感到惊讶，因为这种事情已经被声称过好几次了。但我觉得有趣的是，从未发现过恐鸟足迹的可靠证据，而且专家们仍然认为恐鸟存活的可能性极低。
Speaker 8: 那么恐鸟灭绝的原因是什么？我想知道是不是全球变暖或其他与它们生活环境相关的因素。
Speaker 7: 嗯，在人类定居者到达新西兰之前，恐鸟唯一的捕食者是巨大的哈斯特鹰。后来毛利人在公元1300年之前的某个时候到达，所有种类的恐鸟很快就被猎杀至灭绝。
Speaker 8: 真可怕。
Speaker 6: 现在听并回答第27到第30题。
Speaker 7: 好的。现在我们来看看一些恐鸟物种的特征。南岛巨恐鸟可能是有史以来最高的鸟类，九种恐鸟中第二高的是北岛巨恐鸟，雌性在体重和身高上都明显大于雄性。
Speaker 9: 我听说最小的恐鸟是海岸恐鸟。对吗？
Speaker 7: 是的，你说得对。你还听说过其他种类的恐鸟吗？
Speaker 9: 我知道冠恐鸟。它们产的蛋可能比其他种类大。由于它们主要生活在南岛偏远的内部地区，它们的化石在考古遗址中很少或没有发现，而且至今尚未发现任何蛋的遗骸。
Speaker 8: 有没有哪种恐鸟的化石更多？
Speaker 7: 是的，当然有。由于它们栖息地的良好保存特性，存在相当数量的粗腿恐鸟遗骸。它们的头骨显示视力相对较差，嗅觉良好，喙很短。还有东部恐鸟。它们的特点是拥有非常长而狭窄的气管，这可能使它们能够发出比其他恐鸟更响亮、更有共鸣的叫声，并且拥有最强大的发声能力，这样它们在森林里或夜晚看不见彼此时也能交流。它们在寻找食物时除了声音之外还使用一系列感官，比如嗅觉和视觉。
Speaker 6: 第三部分结束。你现在有半分钟时间检查你的答案。
第四部分
第四部分。你将听到一位影评人给媒体研究专业学生做的关于瑞典电影导演英格玛·伯格曼的讲座的一部分。首先，你有时间查看第31到第40题。现在仔细听，回答第31到第40题。
Speaker 10: 你可以读一本伟大的小说，听一首伟大的交响乐，或者去看一位伟大艺术家的画作，你会想一次又一次地体验它。每次这样做，你都会从中学习到新的东西。很少有电影能做到这一点。大多数电影仅仅是娱乐，很少能被称作艺术作品。它们根本没有艺术作品所具有的深度，这意味着你可能看一次，但不会想再看第二遍。为什么今天这么多商业电影的保质期如此有限？一个问题在于，对于许多电影来说，一旦你看过一次，知道了情节，那就完了。它们依靠惊喜元素来保持你的兴趣，一旦那种“接下来会发生什么”的感觉消失了，就什么也不剩了。此外，电影制作的商业性质意味着，许多电影不再专注于角色的发展，而只是成为演员的载体，成为票房成功的工具，这些演员每次基本上都扮演相同的角色。除此之外，许多评论家会争辩说，最伟大的黑白电影拥有自己独特的世界和独特的气氛，而如今更难创造这种气氛，因为导演无法以同样的方式运用光线。另一个问题是，许多导演缺乏将镜头聚焦在重点上的能力。可能会有令人印象深刻的视觉画面，但它们对电影的意义没有贡献。这让我想到了英格玛·伯格曼，这位伟大的瑞典电影导演于2007年去世。没有其他导演在传达情感的能力上能与伯格曼媲美。他的电影具有世界最伟大剧作家（如易卜生或莎士比亚）作品的戏剧力量。观看伯格曼的电影是一种丰富的体验。没有什么是立刻显而易见或可以预测的，但渐渐地，他要把你带向何方就变得清晰了。如果你研究一部像《野草莓》这样的电影，你会发现每一个微小的细节都很重要。屏幕上的每一个画面都有其目的，并逐渐建立起对核心意义的理解。对于伯格曼，你也知道，一个角色做出的一个小动作，或者角色脸上的表情，都能像说出来的话语一样传达信息。在他的电影《假面》中，主角一言不发，但意义通过我们在屏幕上看到的内容传达出来。但伯格曼不仅仅是一位伟大的摄影师。他也是一位伟大的故事讲述者。他的每一部电影都遵循着类似的模式，故事在两个层面上组织：首先，在一个直接的、戏剧性的叙事层面上；其次，在神话的层面上，故事在整部电影中在这两个层面上运作。在伯格曼的电影《野草莓》中，一位老人回到他童年和青年时代熟悉的地方。在电影中，我们可以识别出在伯格曼作品中反复出现的主题。首先，是旅程的概念。旅程的一部分是真实的，但与之相关的是梦的主题，梦能带我们去哪里，以及我们能从中学到什么。另一个主题，贯穿伯格曼一生作品的核心，是人际关系，特别是将家庭成员联系在一起的纽带。最后，当《野草莓》中的老人努力理解自己生活的意义时，我们看到了另一个贯穿他所有作品的主题。无论他的角色看起来多么焦虑或不快乐，那就是我们必须接受生活所能给予的一切。这不是一种时髦的哲学，这也许就是伯格曼的电影不再流行的原因。
Speaker 4: 第四部分结束。你现在有一分钟时间检查第四部分的答案。